Christian Churches of God
[F023ix]
Commentaire sur Ésaïe
Partie 9
(Édition 1.0
20231118-20231118)
Chapitres 34-38
Christian Churches of God
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Cox)
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Commentaire sur Ésaïe Partie 9 [F023ix]
Le salut des Païens
Chapitre 34
1
Approchez, nations, pour entendre ! Peuples, soyez attentifs !
Que la terre écoute, elle et ce qui la remplit, le monde et tout
ce qu’il produit ! 2 Car la colère de l’Éternel va
fondre sur toutes les nations, et sa fureur sur toute leur
armée : Il les voue à l’extermination, il les livre au carnage.
3 Leurs morts sont jetés, leurs cadavres exhalent la
puanteur, et les montagnes se fondent dans leur sang. 4
Toute l’armée des cieux se dissout ; les cieux sont roulés comme
un livre, et toute leur armée tombe, comme tombe la feuille de
la vigne, comme tombe celle du figuier. 5 Mon épée
s’est enivrée dans les cieux ; voici, elle va descendre sur
Édom, sur le peuple que j’ai voué à l’extermination, pour le
châtier. 6 L’épée de l’Éternel est pleine de sang,
couverte de graisse, du sang des agneaux et des boucs, de la
graisse des reins des béliers ; car il y a des victimes de
l’Éternel à Botsra, et un grand carnage dans le pays d’Édom,
7 les buffles tombent avec eux, et les bœufs avec les
taureaux ; la terre s’abreuve de sang, et le sol est imprégné de
graisse. 8 Car c’est un jour de vengeance pour
l’Éternel, une année de représailles pour la cause de Sion.
9 Les torrents d’Édom seront changés en poix, et sa
poussière en soufre ; et sa terre sera comme de la poix qui
brûle. 10 Elle ne s’éteindra ni jour ni nuit, la
fumée s’en élèvera éternellement ; d’âge en âge elle sera
désolée, à tout jamais personne n’y passera. 11 Le
pélican et le hérisson la posséderont, la chouette et le corbeau
l’habiteront. On y étendra le cordeau de la désolation, et le
niveau de la destruction. 12 Il n’y aura plus de
grands pour proclamer un roi, tous ses princes seront anéantis.
13 Les épines croîtront dans ses palais, les ronces
et les chardons dans ses forteresses. Ce sera la demeure des
chacals, le repaire des autruches ; 14 les animaux du
désert y rencontreront les chiens sauvages, et les boucs s’y
appelleront les uns les autres ; là le spectre de la nuit aura
sa demeure, et trouvera son lieu de repos ; 15 là le
serpent fera son nid, déposera ses œufs, les couvera, et
recueillera ses petits à son ombre ; là se rassembleront tous
les vautours. 16 Consultez le livre de l’Éternel, et
lisez ! Aucun d’eux ne fera défaut, ni l’un ni l’autre ne
manqueront ; car sa bouche l’a ordonné. C’est son esprit qui les
rassemblera. 17 Il a jeté pour eux le sort, et sa
main leur a partagé cette terre au cordeau, ils la posséderont
toujours, ils l’habiteront d’âge en âge.
Objet du
chapitre 34
La Prophétie Messianique par l’entremise d'Ésaïe à Ézéchias (No.
157D)
"Les
chapitres 34 à 36 d'Ésaïe traitent de la prophétie du salut des
Païens. Nous trouvons Ésaïe 35:3 mentionné dans le Nouveau
Testament dans la lettre aux Hébreux 12:11-12. Le texte dans
Ésaïe 34 commence par l'indignation de Dieu à l'égard des
nations et la manière dont Il agit avec elles. Cette prophétie
annonce la fin de l'âge où les nations seront livrées au
massacre".
Le texte
dans Ésaïe et dans 2Rois doit donc être vu en rapport avec sa
place dans la prophétie, telle que révélée à Ésaïe. Ézéchias est
en fait concerné par les événements futurs des activités de Dieu
envoyant le Messie pour Ses desseins. La structure entière
d'Ésaïe est en effet Messianique [sur toute sa longueur]. Ésaïe
34 commence avec le message adressé au monde, qui est le monde
habité et toutes les nations (v. 1, Héb. Tebel).
L’indignation de Yahovah est sur eux (v. 2). La destruction
totale est en fait une dévotion pour la destruction ou une mise
sous interdiction Divine (comparer Bullinger, la note 2 de bas
de page). Le texte dit que les montagnes seront fondues dans
leur sang (hyperboles) (v. 3). La colère de Dieu s’abat sur les
nations et elles doivent être passées au fil de l'épée (vv.
5,6). Elles sont sacrifiées (vv. 6,7) durant la vengeance de
Dieu (v. 8). Les
licornes au verset 7 sont les re 'emin ou
rhinocéros. Les nations environnantes doivent être
détruites à cause de la controverse au sujet de Sion, en guise
de récompense finale de la vengeance de Dieu. Les terres seront
rendues tohu et bohu (v. 11). C'est la période du
Jour du Seigneur. L'ordre est donné de sonder, de rechercher le
Livre du Seigneur - et Il a commandé et aucune des paroles de
Dieu n’échouera. Il a commandé et l'Esprit rassemblera ceux pour
qui Dieu a jeté le sort. Il a divisé les terres par lignée et
ils y demeureront pour toujours (vv 16, 17). Il s'agit d'une
prophétie messianique pour les Derniers Jours (voir l’étude
Le Jour du Seigneur et les Derniers Jours (No. 192)).
La
structure du texte traite du zèle de Dieu pour Sion et de sa
rédemption. C'est dans ce contexte que les chapitres suivants
doivent être considérés."
34:1-17
La
conversion d'Édom est le début de l'absorption par Israël (voir
aussi Ézéchiel, chap. 38-39).
v. 4
L'Armée
des Cieux est associée à la corruption des nations en tant
qu'ennemies terrestres de Dieu (24:21).
v. 5
La
destruction d'Édom est utilisée comme un exemple de tous les
ennemis du Royaume de Dieu, illustré par Israël (Jér. 49:7-22),
comme de tous les ennemis de Dieu (Abdias 15:15). L'épée de
l'Éternel (Ézéch. Ch. 21).
Les
sacrifices (Ézéch.
39:17-20). Les animaux sont ceux des sacrifices. Ce n'est pas
l'intention de ceux qui seront sacrifiés en Édom. Ils ont été
introduits en Juda au deuxième siècle AEC (Avant l’Ère
Courante), sous Jean Hyrcanus.
v. 8
Jour.
Voir 13:6 ; 27:2.
34:9-17
L'assaut de Dieu et l'après.
34:9-10
Édom
subit le châtiment de Sodome et Gomorrhe (13:19 ; Gen. 19:24).
v. 11
C'est
comme le chaos primordial.
34:12-15
Il n'y a
pas de royaume
La fin
des opposants au plan de Dieu (No.
001A)
en Israël (No.
001B
et
001C)
est donc prévue.
Le
spectre de la nuit
- Le démon de la tempête Lilith, dont on dit qu'il habite les
lieux abandonnés et les animaux sauvages, hante ses ruines
(13:19-22).
v. 16
Le livre
de l'Éternel
(voir 4:3).
Chapitre 35
1
Le désert et le pays aride se réjouiront ; la solitude
s’égaiera, et fleurira comme un narcisse ; 2 elle se
couvrira de fleurs, et tressaillira de joie, avec chants
d’allégresse et cris de triomphe ; la gloire du Liban lui sera
donnée, la magnificence du Carmel et de Saron. Ils verront la
gloire de l’Éternel, la magnificence de notre Dieu. 3
Fortifiez les mains languissantes, et affermissez les genoux qui
chancellent ; 4 dites à ceux qui ont le cœur
troublé : Prenez courage, ne craignez point ; voici votre Dieu,
la vengeance viendra, la rétribution de Dieu ; il viendra
lui-même, et vous sauvera. 5 Alors s’ouvriront les
yeux des aveugles, s’ouvriront les oreilles des sourds ; 6
alors le boiteux sautera comme un cerf, et la langue du muet
éclatera de joie. Car des eaux jailliront dans le désert, et des
ruisseaux dans la solitude ; 7 le mirage se changera
en étang et la terre desséchée en sources d’eaux ; dans le
repaire qui servait de gîte aux chacals, croîtront des roseaux
et des joncs. 8 Il y aura là un chemin frayé, une
route, qu’on appellera la voie sainte ; nul impur n’y passera ;
elle sera pour eux seuls ; ceux qui la suivront, même les
insensés, ne pourront s’égarer. 9 Sur cette route,
point de lion ; nulle bête féroce ne la prendra, nulle ne s’y
rencontrera ; les délivrés y marcheront. 10 Les
rachetés de l’Éternel retourneront, ils iront à Sion avec chants
de triomphe, et une joie éternelle couronnera leur tête ;
l’allégresse et la joie s’approcheront, la douleur et les
gémissements s’enfuiront.
Objet du chapitre 35
Nous voyons ici Sion restaurée
(35:1-10).
La note de la Bible OARSV indique que
le texte, avec le chapitre 34:1-17, appartenait probablement à
l'origine aux chapitres 40-66 (suivant apparemment la Division
Révisionniste d’Ésaïe).
35:1-6a
Toute la création verra la Gloire de Dieu. Les exilés
impuissants (aux genoux fragiles) attendront Dieu et Il les fera
revenir à Sion (chap. 65-66). Nous voyons la déclaration
concernant le Liban, le Carmel et le Saron, comme nous l'avons
vu précédemment et à nouveau ci-dessous.
35:8-10
La Voie Sainte
à travers un pays paradisiaque (11:6-9), ils arriveront à Sion pour
chanter les louanges de Dieu leur Libérateur.
La Prophétie Messianique par l’entremise d’Ésaïe à Ézéchias (No. 157D)
"Ésaïe 35
poursuit en déclarant que le Liban, le Carmel et le Saron
verront la Gloire de l’Éternel et la Majesté de notre
Dieu. Ceci est messianique. La Gloire de l’Éternel
est le Messie.
Ésaïe
35:3 est cité dans Hébreux 12:11-12 et ce texte se réfère
directement au Messie et au châtiment qu'il a souffert pour
nous. Ésaïe 35:1-2 déclare que le désert fleurira comme une rose
et que la gloire du Liban lui sera donnée, ainsi que
l'excellence du Carmel et de Saron, et qu'ils verront la Gloire
de l’Éternel (Yahovah), et l'Excellence de notre Dieu. Ainsi, le
Messie devait être en Juda, rester à Sion et retourner à Sion
dans les Derniers Jours. Il nous est dit au verset 4 qu'il
viendra spécifiquement pour nous sauver. Les miracles qu'il a
accomplis devaient ouvrir les yeux des aveugles et les oreilles
des sourds, faire bondir les boiteux comme des cerfs et faire
chanter les muets. Il a accompli ces miracles pour commencer
l’appel de l'Église, qui devait être arrosée par l’Esprit-Saint
[No.
117]
pendant deux mille ans.
Yahovah a
donc déclaré qu'il viendrait avec la vengeance et la rétribution
de Celui qui est l’Unique Véritable Dieu. Nous savons, d'après
les textes de l'AT et du NT, que l'entité que Dieu enverra est
le Messie. Il nous est spécifiquement dit que les rachetés de
l'Éternel reviendront et iront à Sion avec des chants et une
joie éternelle sur leur tête. Ils obtiendront la joie et
l'allégresse et les soupirs disparaîtront. Ce thème est repris
dans Ésaïe 40 après les références au thème de l'invasion
assyrienne, et c'est dans ce contexte que l'invasion assyrienne
et le retour doivent être considérés.
Au milieu
de cette déclaration messianique d'Ésaïe, et par comparaison
avec 2Rois, nous constatons que nous sommes confrontés aux
Assyriens qui assiègent Jérusalem la quatorzième année
d'Ézéchias. Sennachérib avait assiégé les villes fortifiées de
Juda et s'en était emparé, avant d'assiéger Jérusalem.
La
première période d'Ézéchias est traitée dans 2Rois 18:1-12. Il
est important de lire également cette section.
Nous
voyons qu'Israël a été enlevé la sixième année d'Ézéchias. La
quatorzième année d'Ézéchias, les Assyriens décidèrent de
détruire Jérusalem et d'emmener Juda en captivité, comme ils
l'avaient fait pour Israël à Samarie huit ans auparavant. Comme
c’était la pratique des Assyriens, Israël fut emmené aux
extrémités opposées de l'Empire, au-delà de l’Araxe, au nord,
dans ce qui est aujourd'hui la Géorgie et l'Arménie.
L'importance de cet événement réside dans le fait que Juda
n'aurait pas été identifié et que le Messie n'aurait pas pu
naître en Judée au moment où il devait s'incarner dans la
vierge, comme cela est prophétisé ailleurs dans Ésaïe 7:14.
Ésaïe 37:22 fait également référence à la vierge en tant que
fille de Sion qui a méprisé l'Assyrien et il s'est moqué
d'elle. Ésaïe 47:1 traite également de la vierge, fille de
Babylone, et prophétise contre elle en disant qu'elle s'assiéra
dans la poussière et broiera du noir et qu'elle ne sera plus
appelée la dame des royaumes. Dans Ésaïe 47:6, il est clairement
indiqué que Dieu va livrer Juda entre ses mains, puis s'occuper
d'elle. Le texte d'Ésaïe et de 2Rois qui traite d'Ézéchias est
prophétique et n'a rien à voir avec cette époque, si ce n'est
que le deuxième élément de la prophétie traite du retour des
Assyriens, et qu'ils restent en Assyrie.
De plus,
le Messie n'aurait pas pu venir au Temple et accomplir les
prophéties données à Ésaïe si l'Assyrie avait enlevé Juda. Dieu
a donc décidé d'intervenir et a dit à Ésaïe pourquoi et quel
serait le signe du ministère. Le signe du ministère du Messie a
été donné par Dieu à Ésaïe et a été annoncé à Ézéchias ; il est
consigné dans les deux livres comme un double témoignage du
début du ministère. C'est pour cette raison que tant d'efforts
ont été déployés pour détruire le Calendrier et le système du
Jubilé par les Pharisiens et les Rabbins ultérieurs".
Chapitre 36
1
La quatorzième année du roi Ézéchias, Sanchérib, roi d’Assyrie,
monta contre toutes les villes fortes de Juda et s’en empara.
2 Et le roi d’Assyrie envoya de Lakis à Jérusalem,
vers le roi Ézéchias, Rabschaké avec une puissante armée.
Rabschaké s’arrêta à l’aqueduc de l’étang supérieur, sur le
chemin du champ du foulon. 3 Alors Eliakim, fils de
Hilkija, chef de la maison du roi, se rendit auprès de lui, avec
Schebna, le secrétaire, et Joach, fils d’Asaph, l’archiviste.
4 Rabschaké leur dit : Dites à Ézéchias : Ainsi parle
le grand roi, le roi d’Assyrie : Quelle est cette confiance, sur
laquelle tu t’appuies ? 5 Je te le dis, ce ne sont
que des paroles en l’air : il faut pour la guerre de la prudence
et de la force. En qui donc as-tu placé ta confiance, pour
t’être révolté contre moi ? 6 Voici, tu l’as placée
dans l’Égypte, tu as pris pour soutien ce roseau cassé, qui
pénètre et perce la main de quiconque s’appuie dessus : tel est
Pharaon, roi d’Égypte, pour tous ceux qui se confient en lui.
7 Peut-être me diras-tu : C’est en l’Éternel, notre
Dieu, que nous nous confions. Mais n’est-ce pas lui dont
Ézéchias a fait disparaître les hauts lieux et les autels, en
disant à Juda et à Jérusalem : Vous vous prosternerez devant cet
autel ? 8 Maintenant, fais une convention avec mon
maître, le roi d’Assyrie, et je te donnerai deux mille chevaux,
si tu peux fournir des cavaliers pour les monter. 9
Comment repousserais-tu un seul chef d’entre les moindres
serviteurs de mon maître ? Tu mets ta confiance dans l’Égypte
pour les chars et pour les cavaliers. 10 D’ailleurs,
est-ce sans la volonté de l’Éternel que je suis monté contre ce
pays pour le détruire ? L’Éternel m’a dit : Monte contre ce
pays, et détruis-le. 11 Eliakim, Schebna et Joach
dirent à Rabschaké : Parle à tes serviteurs en araméen, car nous
le comprenons ; et ne nous parle pas en langue judaïque aux
oreilles du peuple qui est sur la muraille. 12
Rabschaké répondit : Est-ce à ton maître et à toi que mon maître
m’a envoyé dire ces paroles ? N’est-ce pas à ces hommes assis
sur la muraille pour manger leurs excréments et pour boire leur
urine avec vous ? 13 Puis Rabschaké s’avança et cria
de toute sa force en langue judaïque : Écoutez les paroles du
grand roi, du roi d’Assyrie ! 14 Ainsi parle le roi :
Qu’Ézéchias ne vous abuse point, car il ne pourra vous délivrer.
15 Qu’Ézéchias ne vous amène point à vous confier en
l’Éternel, en disant : L’Éternel nous délivrera, cette ville ne
sera pas livrée entre les mains du roi d’Assyrie. 16
N’écoutez point Ézéchias ; car ainsi parle le roi d’Assyrie :
Faites la paix avec moi, rendez-vous à moi, et chacun de vous
mangera de sa vigne et de son figuier, et chacun boira de l’eau
de sa citerne, 17 jusqu’à ce que je vienne, et que je
vous emmène dans un pays comme le vôtre, dans un pays de blé et
de vin, un pays de pain et de vignes. 18 Qu’Ézéchias
ne vous séduise point, en disant : L’Éternel nous délivrera. Les
dieux des nations ont-ils délivré chacun son pays de la main du
roi d’Assyrie ? 19 Où sont les dieux de Hamath et
d’Arpad ? Où sont les dieux de Sepharvaïm ? Ont-ils délivré
Samarie de ma main ? 20 Parmi tous les dieux de ces
pays, quels sont ceux qui ont délivré leur pays de ma main, pour
que l’Éternel délivre Jérusalem de ma main ? 21 Mais
ils se turent, et ne lui répondirent pas un mot ; car le roi
avait donné cet ordre : Vous ne lui répondrez pas. 22
Et Eliakim, fils de Hilkija, chef de la maison du roi, Schebna,
le secrétaire, et Joach, fils d’Asaph, l’archiviste, vinrent
auprès d’Ézéchias, les vêtements déchirés, et lui rapportèrent
les paroles de Rabschaké.
Objet du chapitre 36
La Prophétie Messianique par l’entremise d’Ésaïe à Ézéchias (No.
157D)
"Les
Assyriens étaient si confiants qu'ils ont proféré des blasphèmes
contre Dieu sur les murs de Jérusalem. On ne se moque pas de
Dieu, et Il fait tout aboutir selon Son Plan et en Son temps,
selon Son Calendrier.
Le texte
des chapitres 18 à 20 de 2Rois est en grande partie répété dans
les chapitres 37 à 40 d'Ésaïe. Une partie du texte n'est pas
répétée dans Ésaïe, et c'est pourquoi le texte de 2Rois 19 est
utilisé par rapport à Ésaïe 38. Le texte d'Ésaïe 37 et de 2Rois
19 montre que la prophétie concernant ce qui doit arriver à Juda
est divisée en deux parties. (Voir en particulier 2Rois 19:1-19
dans ce texte).
Ézéchias
a été suffisamment obéissant pour placer sa foi en Dieu et
demander la délivrance, et Dieu Lui a répondu.
Le texte se poursuit également dans
2Rois 19:20-28.
Ici, nous
voyons Dieu répondre à l'Assyrie et parler de la fille vierge de
Sion. C'est de l'Église du Messie dont il est question. Quelle
fille vierge de Sion existait avant l'an 28 EC (Ère Courante) ?
La vierge devait concevoir et porter un enfant, comme nous le
savons d'après Ésaïe, et l'enfant était le Messie. Dieu donne
ensuite le signe pour la fille vierge de Sion. 2Rois 19:29-31 se
poursuit avec le signe donné pour le reste de la Maison de Juda
qui a survécu.
Ici, nous
voyons Dieu déclarer le moment et le but du signe. Conformément
au Calendrier, à la fin des deux années du Septième Sabbat et de
l'année du Jubilé, l’œuvre devait être entreprise. Au cours de
la troisième année de cette séquence, qui était la première
année après le Jubilé, la plantation devait être entreprise et
les fruits consommés. Alors, le reste survivant pousserait
encore des racines par-dessus. Cela devait s'accomplir de deux
manières. La restauration de Jérusalem et de la Loi fut
entreprise par Esdras et Néhémie lors de la séquence du Jubilé,
comme nous le voyons dans le texte de
La Lecture de la Loi avec Esdras et Néhémie (No. 250). Cela devait indiquer la Restauration sous le règne du
Messie et la formation de la fille vierge de Sion, qui est
l'Église de Dieu, et l'envoi ultime de l'Église dans tous les
pays ; "Car de Jérusalem sortira un reste et de Jérusalem un
groupe de survivants". Christ n'a donc pu commencer son
ministère que la première année après le Jubilé. Nous savons
qu'il a déclaré l'année acceptable du Seigneur à
partir du rouleau d'Ésaïe en l’an 27 EC, qui était une année
jubilaire, et qu'il a commencé son ministère après
l'emprisonnement de Jean-Baptiste, après la Pâque de l’an 28 EC
(Ère Courante) (voir l'article
L’Âge de Christ à son Baptême et la Durée de son Ministère (No.
019)).
Ce signe
ne pouvait être rompu. Ézéchias n'avait rien à voir avec le
reste ou la captivité. Cela ne s'est pas fait sous son règne
(voir aussi l'article
Les Sept Grandes Pâques de la Bible (No. 107)).
Le signe
faisait référence au Messie et à l'établissement du reste après
l'année du Jubilé. Le Messie devait donc commencer son ministère
dans l'année suivant le Jubilé de l'an 27 EC. Le texte du NT
nous apprend qu'il n'a commencé son ministère qu'après la Pâque
de l'an 28 EC, après l'emprisonnement de Jean-Baptiste.
Dieu
avait pour but d'envoyer Jérusalem et Juda en captivité à
Babylone et non en Assyrie, car l'Assyrie était sur le point de
tomber et la restauration devait avoir lieu sous les Mèdes et
les Perses. Si Juda était allé au nord de l'Araxe, il n'aurait
pas pu revenir. Il n'y a pas eu de reste sous le règne
d'Ézéchias, car Jérusalem n'est pas tombée de son vivant, ni
sous les coups des Assyriens. Après que l'objectif de la
prophétie a été déclaré par Dieu par l'intermédiaire d'Ésaïe, le
message s'est ensuite tourné vers ce que Dieu allait faire avec
les Assyriens. Le texte de 2Rois 19:32-37 concerne le roi
d'Assyrie qui tue 185 000 Assyriens attaquant Jérusalem, ce qui
les pousse à rentrer chez eux.
La
période de temps aux versets 36-37 couvre une vingtaine d’années
du retour du roi à sa mort éventuelle, comme décrit. C'était la
prophétie selon laquelle les Assyriens ne prendraient pas
Jérusalem, ni ne s'approcheraient d'eux de nouveau - et ils ne
l'ont pas fait.
La
séquence suivante dans 2Rois 20:1-3. 12-21 concerne le reste de
la vie d'Ézéchias et les détails réels de la captivité de Juda
aux mains des Babyloniens, et pour cela nous comparons 2Rois 20
avec Ésaïe 38.
Chapitre 37
1
Lorsque le roi Ézéchias eut entendu cela, il déchira ses
vêtements, se couvrit d’un sac, et alla dans la maison de
l’Éternel. 2 Il envoya Eliakim, chef de la maison du
roi, Schebna, le secrétaire, et les plus anciens des
sacrificateurs, couverts de sacs, vers Ésaïe, le prophète, fils
d’Amots. 3 Et ils lui dirent : Ainsi parle Ézéchias :
Ce jour est un jour d’angoisse, de châtiment et d’opprobre ; car
les enfants sont près de sortir du sein maternel, et il n’y a
point de force pour l’enfantement. 4 Peut-être
l’Éternel, ton Dieu, a-t-il entendu les paroles de Rabschaké,
que le roi d’Assyrie, son maître, a envoyé pour insulter le Dieu
vivant, et peut-être l’Éternel, ton Dieu, exercera-t-il ses
châtiments à cause des paroles qu’il a entendues. Fais donc
monter une prière pour le reste qui subsiste encore. 5
Les serviteurs du roi Ézéchias allèrent donc auprès d’Ésaïe.
6 Et Ésaïe leur dit : Voici ce que vous direz à votre
maître : Ainsi parle l’Éternel : Ne t’effraie point des paroles
que tu as entendues et par lesquelles m’ont outragé les
serviteurs du roi d’Assyrie. 7 Je vais mettre en lui
un esprit tel que, sur une nouvelle qu’il recevra, il retournera
dans son pays ; et je le ferai tomber par l’épée dans son pays.
8 Rabschaké, s’étant retiré, trouva le roi d’Assyrie
qui attaquait Libna, car il avait appris son départ de Lakis.
9 Alors le roi d’Assyrie reçut une nouvelle au sujet
de Tirhaka, roi d’Éthiopie ; on lui dit : Il s’est mis en marche
pour te faire la guerre. Dès qu’il eut entendu cela, il envoya
des messagers à Ézéchias, en disant : 10 Vous
parlerez ainsi à Ézéchias, roi de Juda : Que ton Dieu, auquel tu
te confies, ne t’abuse point en disant : Jérusalem ne sera pas
livrée entre les mains du roi d’Assyrie. 11 Voici, tu
as appris ce qu’ont fait les rois d’Assyrie à tous les pays, et
comment ils les ont détruits ; et toi, tu serais délivré !
12 Les dieux des nations que mes pères ont détruites les
ont-ils délivrées, Gozan, Charan, Retseph, et les fils d’Eden
qui sont à Telassar ? 13 Où sont le roi de Hamath, le
roi d’Arpad, et le roi de la ville de Sepharvaïm, d’Héna et
d’Ivva ? 14 Ézéchias prit la lettre de la main des
messagers, et la lut. Puis il monta à la maison de l’Éternel, et
la déploya devant l’Éternel, 15 à qui il adressa
cette prière : 16 Éternel des armées, Dieu d’Israël,
assis sur les chérubins ! C’est toi qui es le seul Dieu de tous
les royaumes de la terre, c’est toi qui as fait les cieux et la
terre. 17 Éternel, incline ton oreille, et écoute !
Éternel, ouvre tes yeux, et regarde ! Entends toutes les paroles
que Sanchérib a envoyées pour insulter au Dieu vivant ! 18
Il est vrai, ô Éternel ! que les rois d’Assyrie ont ravagé tous
les pays et leur propre pays, 19 et qu’ils ont jeté
leurs dieux dans le feu ; mais ce n’étaient point des dieux,
c’étaient des ouvrages de mains d’homme, du bois et de la
pierre ; et ils les ont anéantis. 20 Maintenant,
Éternel, notre Dieu, délivre-nous de la main de Sanchérib, et
que tous les royaumes de la terre sachent que toi seul es
l’Éternel ! 21 Alors Ésaïe, fils d’Amots, envoya dire
à Ézéchias : Ainsi parle l’Éternel, le Dieu d’Israël : J’ai
entendu la prière que tu m’as adressée au sujet de Sanchérib,
roi d’Assyrie. 22 Voici la parole que l’Éternel a
prononcée contre lui : Elle te méprise, elle se moque de toi, la
vierge, fille de Sion ; elle hoche la tête après toi, la fille
de Jérusalem. 23 Qui as-tu insulté et outragé ?
Contre qui as-tu élevé la voix ? Tu as porté tes yeux en haut
sur le Saint d’Israël. 24 Par tes serviteurs tu as
insulté le Seigneur, et tu as dit : Avec la multitude de mes
chars, j’ai gravi le sommet des montagnes, les extrémités du
Liban ; je couperai les plus élevés de ses cèdres, les plus
beaux de ses cyprès, et j’atteindrai sa dernière cime, sa forêt
semblable à un verger ; 25 j’ai ouvert des sources,
et j’en ai bu les eaux, et je tarirai avec la plante de mes
pieds tous les fleuves de l’Égypte. 26 N’as-tu pas
appris que j’ai préparé ces choses de loin, et que je les ai
résolues dès les temps anciens ? Maintenant j’ai permis qu’elles
s’accomplissent, et que tu réduisisses des villes fortes en
monceaux de ruines. 27 Leurs habitants sont
impuissants, épouvantés et confus ; ils sont comme l’herbe des
champs et la tendre verdure, comme le gazon des toits et le blé
qui sèche avant la formation de sa tige. 28 Mais je
sais quand tu t’assieds, quand tu sors et quand tu entres, et
quand tu es furieux contre moi. 29 Parce que tu es
furieux contre moi, et que ton arrogance est montée à mes
oreilles, je mettrai ma boucle à tes narines et mon mors entre
tes lèvres, et je te ferai retourner par le chemin par lequel tu
es venu. 30 Que ceci soit un signe pour toi : On a
mangé une année le produit du grain tombé, et une seconde année
ce qui croît de soi-même ; mais la troisième année, vous
sèmerez, vous moissonnerez, vous planterez des vignes, et vous
en mangerez le fruit. 31 Ce qui aura été sauvé de la
maison de Juda, ce qui sera resté poussera encore des racines
par-dessous, et portera du fruit par-dessus. 32 Car
de Jérusalem il sortira un reste, et de la montagne de Sion des
réchappés. Voilà ce que fera le zèle de l’Éternel des armées.
33 C’est pourquoi ainsi parle l’Éternel sur le roi
d’Assyrie : Il n’entrera point dans cette ville, il n’y lancera
point de traits, il ne lui présentera point de boucliers, et il
n’élèvera point de retranchements contre elle. 34 Il
s’en retournera par le chemin par lequel il est venu, et il
n’entrera point dans cette ville, dit l’Éternel. 35
Je protégerai cette ville pour la sauver, à cause de moi, et à
cause de David, mon serviteur. 36 L’ange de l’Éternel
sortit, et frappa dans le camp des Assyriens cent
quatre-vingt-cinq mille hommes. Et quand on se leva le matin,
voici, c’étaient tous des corps morts. 37 Alors
Sanchérib, roi d’Assyrie, leva son camp, partit et s’en
retourna ; et il resta à Ninive. 38 Or, comme il
était prosterné dans la maison de Nisroc, son dieu, Adrammélec
et Scharetser, ses fils, le frappèrent par l’épée, et
s’enfuirent au pays d’Ararat. Et Esar-Haddon, son fils, régna à
sa place.
Objet du chapitre 37
37:1-35 Ézéchias se concerte avec Ésaïe
Voir 2Rois Ch. 19.
37:1
Vêtements déchirés, sacs,
signes de deuil et de désespoir (15:3 ; Joël 2:12) ;
pour le recours au Temple en cas de crise nationale, voir Néh.
ch. 9 ; Joël 1:13-14.
v. 2
Les rois précédents consultaient les prophètes, d'où
l'ambassade d'Ézéchias auprès d'Ésaïe (voir 1Rois 22:8-28 ;
2Rois 1:9-17 ; 3:11-27).
37:5-7
La réponse d'Ésaïe rassure Ézéchias. La rumeur faisait état de
problèmes internes en Assyrie.
37:8-20
C'est
le deuxième défi lancé par Sennachérib à Ézéchias vers l’an
688-687 AEC, peut-être lors d'une attaque ultérieure contre
Jérusalem.
v. 8
Libna,
dix milles au nord de Lakis.
v. 9
Tirhaka
2Rois 19:9.
v. 12
Lieux en Mésopotamie : Gozan sur l'affluent occidental de
la rivière Kabur, à l'est de Charan ; Charan, sur la
partie supérieure de la rivière Balikh (Gen. 11:27-32) ;
Reseph entre Ninive et le nord de Khabur ; Eden, Bit
Adini, sur l'Euphrate moyen (Ézéch. 27:23) ; Telassar
aussi sur l'Euphrate moyen.
v. 14
Lettre -
rouleau
v. 16
Trône
- L'imagerie du Temple se trouve aussi dans 1Rois 8:6-7 ; Ézéch.
1:4-28.
vv. 17-20
Rappel de la revendication de Sennachérib aux vv. 11-13.
pas des dieux
voir Jérémie 10:1-16.
v. 21
voir vv. 33-35.
37:22-29 Le défi
d'Ésaïe à Sennachérib
(10:5-19) ; 22-29 Ésaïe se moque ici de
Sennachérib en lui rappelant qu'il a défié Dieu, qui détermine
le cours de l'histoire, et qu'Il fera échouer le dessein et le
plan de Sennachérib.
Les vv. 27-28
se lisent avec le Rouleau de la Mer Morte d'Ésaïe "...les
sommets des maisons desséchées par le vent d'est ; je sais que
tu te lèves et que tu t'assieds...". (voir également la note de
l’OARSV).
v. 27
avec 2Rois 19:26 Héb. champ
37:30-32
Une deuxième assurance pour Ézéchias
(voir vv. 5-7). Le signe sera un retour aux conditions
normales dès la troisième année (considérée comme se situant
entre les versets 35 et 36 (note de l’OARSV).
Voir note à 10:22.
37:33-35
Une troisième assurance pour Ézéchias.
(comp. v. 21). Le verset 35 rappelle les paroles de
Nathan à David (2Sam. 7:12-17).
37:36-38 Dévastation
de l'armée de Sennachérib
Ici, l'Ange de l’Éternel entra dans le camp des
Assyriens et en tua 185 000. Les érudits modernes affirment
qu'il s'agit d'un euphémisme pour désigner un fléau, en
référence aux textes d'Ex. 12:29 et de 2Sam. 24:15-17.
(voir note de la Bible OARSV).
Le texte dit bien "messager du Seigneur".
Chapitre 38
1
En ce temps-là, Ézéchias fut malade à la mort. Le prophète
Ésaïe, fils d’Amots, vint auprès de lui, et lui dit : Ainsi
parle l’Éternel : Donne tes ordres à ta maison, car tu vas
mourir, et tu ne vivras plus. 2 Ézéchias tourna son
visage contre le mur, et fit cette prière à l’Éternel : 3
Ô Éternel ! souviens-toi que j’ai marché devant ta face avec
fidélité et intégrité de cœur, et que j’ai fait ce qui est bien
à tes yeux ! Et Ézéchias répandit d’abondantes larmes. 4
Puis la parole de l’Éternel fut adressée à Ésaïe, en ces mots :
5 Va, et dis à Ézéchias : Ainsi parle l’Éternel, le
Dieu de David, ton père : J’ai entendu ta prière, j’ai vu tes
larmes. Voici, j’ajouterai à tes jours quinze années. 6
Je te délivrerai, toi et cette ville, de la main du roi
d’Assyrie ; je protégerai cette ville. 7 Et voici, de
la part de l’Éternel, le signe auquel tu connaîtras que
l’Éternel accomplira la parole qu’il a prononcée. 8
Je ferai reculer de dix degrés en arrière avec le soleil l’ombre
des degrés qui est descendue sur les degrés d’Achaz. Et le
soleil recula de dix degrés sur les degrés où il était descendu.
9 Cantique d’Ézéchias, roi de Juda, sur sa maladie et
sur son rétablissement. 10 Je disais : Quand mes
jours sont en repos, je dois m’en aller aux portes du séjour des
morts. Je suis privé du reste de mes années ! 11 Je
disais : Je ne verrai plus l’Éternel, l’Éternel, sur la terre
des vivants ; je ne verrai plus aucun homme parmi les habitants
du monde ! 12 Ma demeure est enlevée et transportée
loin de moi, comme une tente de berger ; je sens le fil de ma
vie coupé comme par un tisserand qui me retrancherait de sa
trame. Du jour à la nuit tu m’auras achevé ! 13 Je me
suis contenu jusqu’au matin ; comme un lion, il brisait tous mes
os, du jour à la nuit tu m’auras achevé ! 14 Je
poussais des cris comme une hirondelle en voltigeant, je
gémissais comme la colombe ; mes yeux s’élevaient languissants
vers le ciel : Ô Éternel ! je suis dans l’angoisse,
secours-moi ! 15 Que dirai-je ? Il m’a répondu, et il
m’a exaucé. Je marcherai humblement jusqu’au terme de mes
années, après avoir été ainsi affligé. 16 Seigneur,
c’est par tes bontés qu’on jouit de la vie, c’est par elles que
je respire encore ; tu me rétablis, tu me rends à la vie.
17 Voici, mes souffrances mêmes sont devenues mon salut ;
tu as pris plaisir à retirer mon âme de la fosse du néant, car
tu as jeté derrière toi tous mes péchés. 18 Ce n’est
pas le séjour des morts qui te loue, ce n’est pas la mort qui te
célèbre ; ceux qui sont descendus dans la fosse n’espèrent plus
en ta fidélité. 19 Le vivant, le vivant, c’est
celui-là qui te loue, comme moi aujourd’hui ; le père fait
connaître à ses enfants ta fidélité. 20 L’Éternel m’a
sauvé ! Nous ferons résonner les cordes de nos instruments, tous
les jours de notre vie, dans la maison de l’Éternel. 21
Ésaïe avait dit : Qu’on apporte une masse de figues, et qu’on
les étende sur l’ulcère ; et Ézéchias vivra. 22 Et
Ézéchias avait dit : À quel signe connaîtrai-je que je monterai
à la maison de l’Éternel ?
Objet du
chapitre 38
vv. 1-4 La maladie et le rétablissement d'Ézéchias
[cf. 2Rois 20:4-11]
v. 3
La forme
de la prière d'Ézéchias pour le rétablissement se trouve dans
les Psaumes
(comp.
Ps. 6).
v. 8
Le cadran
est littéralement des escaliers ou des marches. D’après le texte
d'un ancien manuscrit hébreu trouvé dans les MMM, il peut être
traduit "... Voici que je ferai reculer l'ombre des marches que
le soleil a descendues sur les marches des chambres du toit
d'Achaz, ton père. Je ferai reculer le soleil de dix marches et
le soleil recula sur les marches où l'ombre était descendue".
(Voir aussi note de l’OARSV).
38:9-20
Ce chant,
traditionnellement attribué à Ézéchias, est une action de grâce
liturgique à utiliser lors de la présentation d'une offrande au
temple pour une délivrance personnelle (Ps. 32 ; 1Sam. 2:1-10 ;
Jonas 2:2-9) (voir aussi note de l’OARSV).
v. 9
Écrit
Heb.
"miktab", lire "Miktam" comme dans les Ps. 56-60 (F019_2).
v. 16ab
Est basé
sur un texte corrompu dont l'hébreu est incertain. Il faudrait
probablement l'amender pour qu'il se lise "Seigneur, avec toi
sont les jours de ma vie, à toi seul est la Vie de mon esprit.
(Voir aussi note de l’OARSV)
v. 17
Ici, nous
voyons que la puissance salvatrice de Dieu est démontrée par la
guérison de la maladie, démontrée par le pardon des péchés (Luc
5:17-26).
38:21-22
Ces
versets sont considérés comme se situant entre les vv. 6-7 (voir
note de l’OARSV).
Notes de
Bullinger sur les chapitres 34-38 (pour la Bible version KJV)
[disponibles
uniquement en anglais]
Chapter 34
Verse 1
people = peoples.
world = the inhabited
world. Hebrew. tebel.
all things, &c. = and
all that is therein.
Verse 2
the
LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4.
utterly destroyed =
devoted to destruction or placed under a Divine ban.
Verse 3
mountains shall be
melted with their blood. Figure of speech Hyperbole. So Isaiah
34:4 and Isaiah
34:5 .
Verse 5
of My curse: i.e. I
have devoted.
Verse 7
unicorns: or,
rhinoceros. Hebrew. re'emin.
soaked = drunken.
Figure of speech Hyperbole.
Verse 8
of = for.
Verse 11
confusion. See
note on Isaiah
24:10 .
confusion . . .
emptiness. Hebrew. tohu
. . . bohu. Reference
to Pentateuch (Genesis
1:2 ),
"without form and void" = waste and desolate. Only there, here,
and Jeremiah
4:23 beside.
App-92 .
Verse 13
come up in =
climb.
Verse 14
screech owl. Hebrew. Lilith. Used
to-day of any being of the night, as the English "bogy" is used.
Charms are used against it to-day in Palestine.
a place, &c. =
a roost.
Verse 16
Seek =
Search.
the book of the LORD. This
proves there was a book in existence, which could be searched.
See App-47 .
fail =
be missing. Hebrew. 'adar. Not
the same word as in Isaiah
19:5 (see
note there). Occurs here in "former" portion, and Isaiah
40:26 in
"latter “portion. See App-79 . Isaiah
35:0 is
the sequel to this long series of Burdens (Isaiah
13:1 Isaiah
35:10 )
and Woes; it sets forth the future return of Israel.
Chapter 35
Verse 1
The wilderness, &c .:
i.e. the land of Edom referred to in Isaiah
34:9-16 . While Edom becomes a waste, the Land
becomes a paradise; and the way of the return thither a peaceful
highway.
shall be glad for
them = shall rejoice over them.
them: i.e. the
noisome creatures of Isaiah
34:14-16 , &c.
and = but; giving the
contrast.
the desert shall
rejoice, and blossom, & c. The description in this chapter
leaves little to be interpreted. It requires only to
be believed. No amount of spiritual blessing through the
preaching of the Gospel can produce these physical miracles.
Verse 3
Strengthen,
&c. Quoted in Hebrews
12:11 , Hebrews
12:12 .
Verse 5
Then the eyes,
&c. When Messiah came, these miracles (not
miracles qua miracles) were the evidence that He had indeed come
to save His People (Matthew
11:1-6 ), but they rejected Him. Hence, this with
other similar prophecies are in abeyance. John had based his own
claims on Isaiah
40:3 , while the Lord based His claims on Isaiah
35:5-6 .
Verse 8
highway. See note on Isaiah
7:3 . Occurs only here.
The way, &c. = the
holy road.
but, &c. : i.e. yet
for those very persons it will exist.
err therein = go
astray.
Verse 9
No lion shall be
there, &c. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus
26:6 ). App-92.
Verse 10
their heads. Put by
Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Part), for themselves.
sighing. See note on Isaiah
21:2 .Isaiah
40:0 takes up this theme, after the historical
episode of Isaiah 36-39, which is necessary for the
understanding of the references to the Assyrian invasion. For
the general notes on this chapter see notes on 2
Kings 18:13 , 2
Kings 20:19 .
Chapter 36
Verse 1
it came to pass. Note
the insertion of these historical events in the midst of
prophecy, corresponding with those concerning the reign of Ahaz.
Compare 2
Kings 18:13 , 2
Kings 20:19 , on which Isaiah is not dependent, and 2
Chronicles 32:1-33 , which is not dependent on either (see
App-56 ). This history is a proof of Isaiah's prophetic mission
and gifts. History and prophecy are thus combined: for the
latter is history foretold, and the former is (in this and many
cases) prophecy fulfilled: the two accounts being perfectly
independent.
in the fourteenth
year: i.e. 628 B.C. See App-50 . pp Isa 59:60 . After Hezekiah's
reformation (2
Chronicles 29:1 -- Isaiah
32:1 ). Samaria had been taken by Shalmaneser in
Hezekiah's sixth year (2
Kings 18:10 ). The date (fourteenth year) no "error".
defenced cities =
fortified cities.
and took them. See
the list and number of them (forty-six) on Sennacherib's
hexagonal cylinder in the British Museum. See App-67 .
Verse 2
Rabshakeh: or,
"political officer". Probably a renegade Jew.
Lachish. Now Tell el
Hesy , or Umm Lakis . See the work on the excavations there,
published by the "Palestine Exploration Fund". Compare note on 2
Kings 18:17 , and 2
Kings 19:8 .
with a great
army. Foretold in Isaiah
29:1-6 , as foretold in Isa 22:15-26 .
he stood. In the same
spot where Isaiah stood with Ahaz twenty-eight years before.
See Isaiah
7:3 .
highway. See note on Isaiah
7:3 .
Verse 3
Eliakim. See and
Compare Isaiah
22:20-25 . The promise of Isaiah
22:20 , Isaiah
22:21 was already fulfilled.
house. Put by Figure
of speech Metonymy (of Subject), for household. Eliakim fulfils
Shebna's office, as foretold in Isa 22:15-26 .
Shebna. See Isaiah
22:15 .
scribe: or,
secretary. Title used of a state officer, first in 2
Samuel 8:17 . Connected with finance (2
Kings 22:3 ). Jeremiah
52:25 .
Verse 4
the great
king. Contrast Psalms
47:2 .
trustest = hast
confided. Hebrew. batah. App-69 . See Hezekiah's "Songs of the
Degrees" (Psalms
121:3 ; Psalms
125:1 , Psalms
125:2 ; Psalms
127:1 ; Psalms
130:5-8 ; and App-67 ).
Verse 5
I say, sayest
thou. Some codices read "Thou sayest", as in 2
Kings 18:20 .
vain words =
lip-talk. Hebrew word of lips.
Verse 6
man. Hebrew. 'ish .
App-14 .
Verse 7
thou. Some codices
read "ye", as in 2
Kings 18:22 .
the
LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4 .
God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4 .
is it not He . . .
? Manifesting Rabshakeh's ignorance.
Verse 8
master. Hebrew. Adonai . App-4 .
Verse 9
Egypt. Hezekiah at
first looked for help there (See Isaiah
20:3-6 ; Isaiah
30:2-5 ; 2
Kings 18:21 ).
Verse 10
am I come up. As
foretold twenty-eight years before (Isaiah
10:6-8 ).
If Rabshakeh knew of
this, it shows the falsehood of "half the truth".
Verse 11
Then said, &c. This
led only to grosser insults.
Jews. The name by
which the People were known of old, to foreigners. See note on Isaiah
36:2 . No proof of a later authorship. "Hebrew" is
the later word for the language (Compare Isaiah
19:18 ).
Verse 12
speak these
words. See App-67 .
sit upon the wall =
maintain their posts: i.e. till reduced to these extremities.
Verse 15
this city. Some
codices, with two early printed editions, Septuagint, and
Syriac, read "and this city": i.e. "this city".
Verse 16
every one = man, as
in Isaiah
36:6 .
Verse 17
take you away. As he
did Israel (2
Kings 18:11 ).
wine = new wine.
Hebrew. tirosh . App-27 .
bread. Put by Figure
of speech Synecdoche (of Part), for all kinds of food.
Hath, &c. ? =
[Reflect]: Hath, &c?
Verse 19
Where: or, Why,
where. Some codices, with two early printed editions, read
"Where then".
Chapter 37
Verse 1
went into the house
of the Lord. See Hezekiah's reference to his love for, and use
of, the Temple in his "Songs of the Degrees" (Psalms
122:1 , Psalms
122:9 ; Psalms
134:1 , Psalms
134:2 ; and App-67 ).
Verse 2
elders of the
priests. These now added to the embassy. Joah absent.
Verse 3
blasphemy = reproach.
Note the reference to this in Hezekiah's "Song of Degrees".
Verse 4
Rabshakeh = the
Rabshakeh. See note on Isaiah
36:2 .
lift up thy
prayer. Note the reference to Hezekiah's "Song of the Degrees".
Verse 6
Isaiah said. The
message in verses: Isaiah
37:6 , Isaiah
37:7 is shorter and calmer than the second.
Verse 8
was departed from
Lachish: having raised the siege. See note on 2
Kings 18:17 ; 2
Kings 19:8 .
Verse 9
he heard. The
"rumour" of Isaiah
37:7 .
Tirhakah. The Taracus
of the inscriptions. The third and last of Manetho's
twenty-sixth dynasty. This reference to the Ethiopian dynasty in
Isaiah's time is an "undesigned coincidence".
Ethiopia. Judah's
hope in Ethiopia was vain (See Isaiah
20:1-6 ).
Verse 10
trustest = confidest.
Hebrew. batah.
Verse 11
all lands = all the
earths: i.e. all such countries specially connected with Israel.
Verse 12
Gozan, &c. These
places are all in Mesopotamia. and Bezeph. The Hebrew pointing
connects this with the next clause.
children = sons.
Verse 13
Hamath . . . Arphad .
. . Sepharvaim. See notes on Isaiah
36:19 .
Verse 14
spread it, &c. See
note on "lift up", &c. (Isaiah
37:4 ).
Verse 16
LORD of Hosts. See
note on Isaiah
1:9 , and 1
Samuel 1:3 .
God of Israel. See
note on Isaiah
29:23 .
dwellest: or, sittest
enthroned.
the. Hebrew He, the
[God]. Compare 1
Kings 18:39 .
God. Hebrew. Elohim. (with Art.) = the [true] God.
made heaven and
earth. Note the reference to this in Hezekiah's "Songs of the
Degrees" (Psalms
121:1 , Psalms
121:2 ; Psalms
123:1 ; Psalms
124:8 ; Psalms
134:3 ; and App-67 (v)).
Verse 17
ear . . .
eyes. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia.
Verse 18
nations, and their
countries. Hebrew. ha-arazoth . . . 'arzam : as in Isaiah
37:11 . The latter word put by Figure of
speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), for the people inhabiting the
lands. Note also the Figure of speech Paronomasia . Some codices
read "nations, and their land".
Verse 19
men's. Hebrew. 'adam. App-14 .
Verse 20
save us. Some codices
add "I (or, we) pray Thee", Compare 2
Kings 19:19 .
Verse 21
thou hast prayed. See
note on "lift up" (Isaiah
37:4 ).
Verse 22
shaken =
wagged. Denoting derision and scorn.
Verse 23
the Holy One of
Israel. See note on Isaiah
1:4 .
Verse 24
LORD*. One of the 134
places where the Sopherim changed "Jehovah" of the primitive
text to "Adonai".
am I come up = have I
scaled. Compare Isaiah
36:10 . These boasts probably refer to the future
as well as the past.
Lebanon, &c. Compare 2
Kings 19:23 . Fulfilling Isaiah
14:8 (see note there). As Hannibal later scaled
the Alps.
Verse 25
rivers = arms, or
canals. Compare Isaiah
19:6 , and Micah
7:12 .
besieged
places. Hebrew. matzor. Put for Egypt.
Verse 26
formed = purposed.
Compare Isaiah
10:5 , Isaiah
10:15 ; Isaiah
30:32 .
Verse 27
as the grass. Note
Hezekiah's reference to this in his "Songs of the Degrees" (Psalms
129:6-7 ). App-67 .
Verse 28
abode = sitting down.
going out, and thy
coming in. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Part), for
life in general
Verse 29
tumult = arrogance.
My hook, &c. Assyrian
sculptures represent captives thus led. Jehovah would treat them
as they treated others.
turn thee back. See
Hezekiah's reference to this (Psalms
129:4 , Psalms
129:6 ). App-67 .
Verse 30
sign. See note on Isaiah
7:11 .
Ye shall eat, &c. No
seed would be sown on account of the (foretold) devastation
wrought by the invasion. Hezekiah refers to this "sign" in his
"Songs of the Degrees" (Psalms
126:5 , Psalms
126:6 ; Psalms
128:2 ).
groweth of
itself. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus
25:5 , Leviticus
25:11 ). Only here, 2
Kings 19:29 , and Job
14:19 .
springeth of the
same = shooteth up of itself, or from the roots.
Hebrew. shahith, occurs only here.
sow ye. See note
above.
Verse 31
shall. Hezekiah
refers to Jehovah's repeated promises on which he relies
(compare 2
Kings 19:30-34 ). See Psalms
121:2-8 ; Psalms
124:1-3 , Psalms
124:6 ; Psalms
125:2 ; Psalms
126:2 , Psalms
126:3 ; Psalms
127:1 .
Verse 32
zeal = jealousy.
Reference to Pentateuch. Compare Isaiah
9:7 . See App-92 .
Verse 35
defend = shield. See
note on Isaiah
31:5 .
My servant. Three are
so called in this book: David (here); Israel or Jacob (the
nation) (Isaiah
41:8 ; Isaiah
42:19 ; Isaiah
43:10 ; Isaiah
44:1 ; Isaiah
45:4 ; Isaiah
48:20 ; Isaiah
49:3 and whole chapter); and Messiah (Isaiah
42:1 ; Isaiah
65:8 ).
David's sake. Note
how Hezekiah refers to these words in his "Songs of the Degrees"
(Psalms
132:1 , Psalms
132:10 ).
Verse 36
Then, &c. Compare 2
Kings 19:35-37 .
they: i.e. the
Israelites.
Verse 37
and. Note the Figure
of speech Polysyndeton in this verse, to emphasize his departure
and return, which leads up to what he returned for; also, that
he did this without taking the city, Nebuchadnezzar makes no
reference to this in his inscription.
Verse 38
his sons . . .
Esar-haddon. See note on 2
Kings 19:37 .
Chapter 38
Verse 1
In those days: i.e.
Hezekiah's fourteenth year: for fifteen years (603-588 B.C.) are
added to his life (Isaiah
38:5 ), and he reigned twenty-nine years (2
Kings 18:2 ); 14 + 15 = 29.
sick. This sickness
was therefore during the siege.
the
LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4 .
Set thine house in
order = Give charge concerning thy house.
die, and not live =
thou wilt certainly die. Figure of speech Pleonasm : by which a
thing is put both ways (positive and negative) for emphasis.
Verse 2
prayed. As in Isaiah
37:4 ("lift up") and verses: Isaiah
38:14 , Isaiah
38:15 . Contrast Isaiah
39:2 , where, when the king of Babylon sent
letters and he neglected prayer.
Verse 3
in truth. See note
on Isaiah
10:20 .
wept sore = wept a
great weeping. Figure of speech Polyptoton ( App-6 ), for
emphasis. Compare 2
Kings 20:3 .
Verse 4
came. The only
occurrence of this in the case of Isaiah. Compare Genesis
15:1 .
Verse 5
the God of
David. This Divine title reminds and assures Hezekiah that
Jehovah would be faithful to His promise made to David in 2
Samuel 7:0 . See App-67 and note on 2
Kings 20:5 .
fifteen years. Hence
the number of the "Song of the Degrees". See App-67 .
Verse 6
I will deliver thee
and this city. The city was thus still besieged.
I will. Hezekiah
trusted this promise.
defend = shield. See
note on Isaiah
31:5 .
Verse 7
a sign = the sign.
Hezekiah had asked for this sign (see Isaiah
38:22 ). This shows that Isaiah
38:22 is not "displaced" as alleged. compare note
on Isaiah
7:11 .
Verse 8
the shadow of the
degrees. It is to these "degrees", or steps of the sundial of
Ahaz his father, that Hezekiah refers in the title for "The
Songs of the Degrees". See App-67 .
degrees = steps. Note
the emphasis placed on these by the fivefold repetition of the
word.
dial = degrees
(making the fifth repetition of the word).
Verse 9
The writing,
&c. Hebrew. michtab. Another spelling of michtam. See App-65 .
This verse is the superscription common to most Psalms,
corresponding with the subscription (Isaiah
38:20 ). See App-65 .
Verse 10
thegrave .
Hebrew. Sheol. App-35 .
Verse 11
see THE LORD = appear
before Jah. Reference to Pentateuch. See note on Isaiah
1:12 ; and on "appear" (Exodus
23:15 ; Exodus
34:20 ).
in the land of the
living. This expression occurs three times with the Art. ("the
living") in the Hebrew (viz. here; Job
28:13 ; and Psalms
142:5 ). Without the Art. it occurs eight times.
See note on Ezekiel
26:20 .
the living: i.e.
alive on the earth. Not Sheol, which is the place of the dead.
the
world. Hebrew. hadel = a quiet land: i.e. when this invasion
shall be ended. Some codices read heled (transposing
the l and d) = the transitory world: hadel occurs only here.
Verse 12
age. Hebrew. dor =
generation, or succession.
like a weaver. Supply
Ellipsis thus: "like a weaver [his thread]. "See note on "weave"
(Isaiah
19:9 ).
Verse 13
I reckoned = I waited
expectantly.
as a lion = as a lion
[awaits his prey].
so will He break. See
note on Psalms
22:16 .
Verse 14
Like a crane or a
swallow: or, like a twittering swallow.
mourn. See note on Psalms
55:17 . Compare Ezekiel
7:16 .
undertake = be a
surety. Compare Job
17:3 ("put me in surety").
Verse 15
softly = slowly.
Hebrew. dadah. Only here and in Psalms
42:4 ("went").
soul. Hebrew. nephesh . App-13 .
Verse 16
by these, &c. = upon
these [Thy doings (Isaiah
38:15 ) men] revive (Psalms
104:29 , Psalms
104:30 ), and the reviving of my spirit [is]
altogether in them.
spirit. Hebrew. ruach .
Verse 17
pit of corruption. =
pit or corruption.
behind Thy back. Sins
unforgiven are said to be "before His face" (Psalms
109:14 , Psalms
109:15 .Jeremiah
16:17 . Hosea
7:2 ). Compare Micah
7:19 . Hence the "happinesses" of Psalms
32:1 , Psa 32:16 .
Verse 18
the
grave. Hebrew. Sheol . App-35 . Put here by Figure of
speech Metonymy (of Subject), for those who are in it.
not. Note the
Ellipsis of the second negative. See note on Genesis
2:6 , and 1
Kings 2:9 . Compare for the teaching Psalms
6:5 ; Psalms
30:9 ; Psalms
88:10 , Psalms
88:12 .Ecclesiastes
9:10 .
celebrate. See note
on "shall not give their light" (Isaiah
13:10 ).
they. Some codices
read "and they".
Verse 19
The living, the
living. Figure of speech Epizeuxis , for emphasis, implying that
only such are able to praise.
the father to the
children. Note the reference to the Pentateuch (Deuteronomy
4:9 ; Deuteronomy
6:7 ).
children = sons.
Verse 20
was ready. Supply
"was gracious".
therefore, &c. Note
the subscription above.
we will sing my
songs: i.e. the "Songs of the Degrees" ( App-67 ). Where are "my
songs", and what were they if not the fifteen songs named after
the ten degrees by which the shadow of the sun went back on the
sundial of Ahaz (verses: Isaiah
38:7 , Isaiah
38:8 )?
the house of the
LORD. Note Hezekiah's love for this in these songs (Psalms
122:1 Psalms
122:9 ; Psalms
134:1 , Psalms
134:2 ). See App-67 .
Verse 22
What is the sign . .
. ? See on Isaiah
7:8 .
q
Christian Churches of God
No. F023ix
Commentary on Isaiah
Part 9
(Edition 1.0 20231118-20231118)
Chapters 34-38
Christian Churches of God
PO Box 369, WODEN
ACT 2606,
AUSTRALIA
E-mail:
secretary@ccg.org
(Copyright
© 2023 Wade Cox)
This paper may be
freely copied and distributed provided it is
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Brief quotations may be embodied in
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copyright.
This paper is available from the World Wide Web page:
http://www.logon.org and
http://www.ccg.org
Commentary on Isaiah
Part 9
Salvation of the Gentiles
Chapter 34
1Draw
near, O nations, to hear, and hearken, O peoples! Let the earth
listen, and all that fills it; the world, and all that comes
from it.
2For
the LORD is enraged against all the nations, and furious against
all their host, he has doomed them, has given them over for
slaughter.
3Their
slain shall be cast out, and the stench of their corpses shall
rise; the mountains shall flow with their blood.
4All
the host of heaven shall rot away, and the skies roll up like a
scroll. All their host shall fall, as leaves fall from the vine,
like leaves falling from the fig tree.
5For
my sword has drunk its fill in the heavens; behold, it descends
for judgment upon Edom, upon the people I have doomed.
6The
LORD has a sword; it is sated with blood, it is gorged with fat,
with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys
of rams. For the LORD has a sacrifice in Bozrah, a great
slaughter in the land of Edom.
7Wild
oxen shall fall with them, and young steers with the mighty
bulls. Their land shall be soaked with blood, and their soil
made rich with fat.
8For
the LORD has a day of vengeance, a year of recompense for the
cause of Zion
9And
the streams of Edom shall be turned into pitch, and her soil
into brimstone; her land shall become burning pitch.
10Night
and day it shall not be quenched; its smoke shall go up for
ever. From generation to generation it shall lie waste; none
shall pass through it for ever and ever.
11But
the hawk and the porcupine shall possess it, the owl and the
raven shall dwell in it. He shall stretch the line of confusion
over it, and the plummet of chaos over its nobles.
12They
shall name it No Kingdom There, and all its princes shall be
nothing.
13Thorns
shall grow over its strongholds, nettles and thistles in its
fortresses. It shall be the haunt of jackals, an abode for
ostriches.
14And
wild beasts shall meet with hyenas, the satyr shall cry to his
fellow; yea, there shall the night hag alight, and find for
herself a resting place.
15There
shall the owl nest and lay and hatch and gather her young in her
shadow; yea, there shall the kites be gathered, each one with
her mate.
16Seek
and read from the book of the LORD: Not one of these shall be
missing; none shall be without her mate. For the mouth of the
LORD has commanded, and his Spirit has gathered them.
17He
has cast the lot for them, his hand has portioned it out to them
with the line; they shall possess it for ever, from generation
to generation they shall dwell in it.
Intent of Chapter 34
Messianic Prophecy through Isaiah
to Hezekiah (No. 157D)
“Isaiah 34 to 36 is concerned with the prophecy of
the salvation of the Gentiles. We find Isaiah 35:3 mentioned in
the New Testament in Hebrews 12:11-12. The text in Isaiah 34
commences with the indignation of God against the nations and
His dealing with them. This prophecy looks forward to the end of
the age when the nations are given up to slaughter.”
The text in Isaiah and in 2Kings must therefore be
viewed in relation to its place in prophecy, as revealed to
Isaiah. Hezekiah is in fact concerned with the future events of
the activities of God in sending the Messiah for His purposes.
The entire structure of Isaiah is in effect Messianic [over its
entire length]. Isaiah 34 commences with the message to the
world, which is the inhabited world and all nations (v. 1, Heb.
Tebel). The indignation of Yahovah is on them (v. 2). The
utter destruction is in fact a devotion to destruction or being
placed under a Divine ban (cf. Bullinger, fn. 2). The text says
the mountains shall be melted with their blood (hyperbole) (v.
3). The wrath of God
is placed upon the nations and they are to be put to the sword
(vv. 5,6). They are sacrificed (vv. 6,7) in God’s vengeance (v.
8). The unicorns
in verse 7 are the re’emin or
rhinoceros. The surrounding nations are to
be destroyed because of the controversy over Zion as the final
recompense as the vengeance of God. The lands will be made
tohu and bohu (v. 11). This is the time of the Day of
the Lord. The command is given to search the Book of the Lord –
and He has commanded and none of the words of God will fail. He
has commanded and the Spirit will gather those for whom God has
cast lot. He has divided the lands by line and they will dwell
there forever (vv. 16,17). This is Messianic prophecy for the
Last Days (see the paper
The Day of the Lord and the Last
Days (No. 192)).
The structure of the text deals with God’s zeal for
Zion and its redemption. It is in this context that the
subsequent chapters must be viewed.”
34:1-17 The conversion of Edom is the commencement of the
absorption into Israel (see also Ezek. Chs. 38-39.
v. 4 The Host of Heaven are associated with the corruption
of the nations as God's earthly enemies (24:21).
v. 5 The destruction of Edom is used as an example of all
the enemies of the Kingdom of God exemplified by Israel (Jer.
49:7-22) as with all God's enemies (Ob. 15-15).
Sword of the Lord (Ezek. Ch. 21).
Sacrifice (Ezek. 39:17-20). The animals are those of the
sacrifices. That is not the intent of those to be sacrificed in
Edom. They were brought into Judah in the Second century
BCE under John Hyrcanus.
v. 8 Day. See 13:6; 27:2.
34:9-17 God's Assault and After.
34:9-10
Edom suffers the punishment of Sodom and
Gomorrah (13:19; Gen. 19:24).
v. 11
It is as the primordial chaos.
34:12-15 No kingdom there Thus the end of those
opposing the plan of God (No.
001A) in Israel (Nos.
001B and
001C) are to be brought to an end.
Night hag – The storm demon Lilith said to inhabit
abandoned places and wild animals haunts its ruins (13:19-22).
v. 16 The book of the Lord (see 4:3).
Chapter 35
1The
wilderness and the dry land shall be glad, the desert shall
rejoice and blossom; like the crocus
2it
shall blossom abundantly, and rejoice with joy and singing. The
glory of Lebanon shall be given to it, the majesty of Carmel and
Sharon. They shall see the glory of the LORD, the majesty of our
God.
3Strengthen
the weak hands, and make firm the feeble knees.
4Say
to those who are of a fearful heart, "Be strong, fear not!
Behold, your God will come with vengeance, with the recompense
of God. He will come and save you."
5Then
the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf
unstopped;
6then
shall the lame man leap like a hart, and the tongue of the dumb
sing for joy. For waters shall break forth in the wilderness,
and streams in the desert;
7the
burning sand shall become a pool, and the thirsty ground springs
of water; the haunt of jackals shall become a swamp, the grass
shall become reeds and rushes.
8And
a highway shall be there, and it shall be called the Holy Way;
the unclean shall not pass over it, and fools shall not err
therein.
9No
lion shall be there, nor shall any ravenous beast come up on it;
they shall not be found there, but the redeemed shall walk
there.
10And
the ransomed of the LORD shall return, and come to Zion with
singing; everlasting joy shall be upon their heads; they shall
obtain joy and gladness, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away.
Intent of Chapter 35
Here we see Zion Restored (35:1-10).
The OARSV n. says that the text, with 34:1-17,
probably belonged originally to Chs. 40-66 (seemingly following
the Revisionist Division of Isaiah).
35:1-6a
All creation will see God's Glory. The helpless
exiles (feeble knees) will wait on God and He will send for them
to return to Zion (Chs. 65-66). We see the declaration re
Lebanon, Carmel and Sharon, as we saw previously and again
below.
35:8-10 The Holy Way through a land like paradise
(11:6-9), they will come to Zion to sing the praises of God
their Deliverer.
Messianic Prophecy through Isaiah
to Hezekiah (No. 157D)
“Isaiah 35 then goes on to declare that Lebanon and
Carmel and Sharon shall see the Glory of the Lord and the
Majesty of our God. This is Messianic. The Glory of
the Lord is Messiah.
Isaiah 35:3 is quoted in Hebrews 12:11-12 and that
text refers directly to Messiah and the chastening he suffered
for us. Isaiah 35:1-2 declares that the desert shall blossom
like a rose and the glory of Lebanon shall be given unto it,
together with the excellence of Carmel and Sharon, and they will
see the Glory of the Lord (Yahovah), and the Excellency of our
God. Thus Messiah was to be in Judah and remain in Zion and
return to Zion in the Last Days. We are told in verse 4 that he
will come specifically to save us. The miracles he performed
were to open the eyes of the blind and the ears of the deaf, and
so that the lame should leap as an hart and the dumb should
sing. He performed these miracles in order to commence the
calling of the Church, which was to be watered by the Holy
Spirit [No.
117] over two thousand years.
Thus Yahovah has declared that he will come with
vengeance and with the recompense of the One True God. We know
from both the OT and NT texts that the entity that God will send
is Messiah. We are specifically told that the ransomed of the
Lord shall return and come to Zion with songs and
everlasting joy upon their heads. They shall obtain joy and
gladness and sighing will flee away. This theme is then taken up
in Isaiah 40 after the references to the theme of the Assyrian
invasion, and it is in that context that the Assyrian invasion
and return must be viewed.
In the midst of this Messianic declaration in
Isaiah, and by comparison with 2Kings, we then find that we are
confronted with the Assyrians besieging Jerusalem in the
fourteenth year of Hezekiah. Sennacherib had besieged the
fortified cities of Judah and took them, and finally besieged
Jerusalem.
The early period of Hezekiah is dealt with in 2Kings
18:1-12. It is important to read that section also.
We see that Israel was taken away in the sixth year
of Hezekiah. In the fourteenth year of Hezekiah the Assyrians
decided to destroy Jerusalem and transport Judah into captivity,
as they had done to Israel at Samaria eight years previously. As
was the practice of the Assyrians, Israel was taken to the
opposite ends of the Empire beyond the Araxes to the north, in
what is now Georgia and Armenia. The significance of this event
was that Judah would not have been identified, and the Messiah
could not have been born in Judea when it was time for him to be
incarnated in the virgin, as prophesied elsewhere in Isaiah
7:14. Isaiah 37:22 also refers to the virgin as the daughter
of Zion who has despised the Assyrian and mocked her. Isaiah
47:1 also deals with the virgin daughter of Babylon and
prophesies against her and says she will sit in the dust and
grind and no longer be called the lady of kingdoms.
In Isaiah 47:6 it is clearly stated that God is to give
Judah into her hands and then deal with her. The text in Isaiah
and in 2Kings dealing with Hezekiah is prophetic and has nothing
to do with that time, except that the second element of the
prophecy deals with the return of the Assyrians, and they remain
there in Assyria.
Also, Messiah could not have come to the Temple and
fulfilled the prophecies as given to Isaiah if Assyria had
removed Judah. Thus God decided to intervene and He told Isaiah
why and what the sign of the ministry would be. The sign of the
Messiah’s ministry was given by God to Isaiah and spoken to
Hezekiah and recorded in both books as a dual witness to the
commencement of the ministry. It is for this reason that so much
effort was made to destroy the Calendar and the Jubilee system
by the later Pharisees and Rabbis.”
Chapter 36
1In
the fourteenth year of King Hezeki'ah, Sennach'erib king of
Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and
took them.
2And
the king of Assyria sent the Rab'shakeh from Lachish to King
Hezeki'ah at Jerusalem, with a great army. And he stood by the
conduit of the upper pool on the highway to the Fuller's Field.
3And
there came out to him Eli'akim the son of Hilki'ah, who was over
the household, and Shebna the secretary, and Jo'ah the son of
Asaph, the recorder.
4And
the Rab'shakeh said to them, "Say to Hezeki'ah, 'Thus says the
great king, the king of Assyria: On what do you rest this
confidence of yours?
5Do
you think that mere words are strategy and power for war? On
whom do you now rely, that you have rebelled against me?
6Behold,
you are relying on Egypt, that broken reed of a staff, which
will pierce the hand of any man who leans on it. Such is Pharaoh
king of Egypt to all who rely on him.
7But
if you say to me, "We rely on the LORD our God," is it not he
whose high places and altars Hezeki'ah has removed, saying to
Judah and to Jerusalem, "You shall worship before this altar"?
8Come
now, make a wager with my master the king of Assyria: I will
give you two thousand horses, if you are able on your part to
set riders upon them.
9How
then can you repulse a single captain among the least of my
master's servants, when you rely on Egypt for chariots and for
horsemen?
10Moreover,
is it without the LORD that I have come up against this land to
destroy it? The LORD said to me, Go up against this land, and
destroy it.'"
11Then
Eli'akim, Shebna, and Jo'ah said to the Rab'shakeh, "Pray, speak
to your servants in Aramaic, for we understand it; do not speak
to us in the language of Judah within the hearing of the people
who are on the wall."
12But
the Rab'shakeh said, "Has my master sent me to speak these words
to your master and to you, and not to the men sitting on the
wall, who are doomed with you to eat their own dung and drink
their own urine?"
13Then
the Rab'shakeh stood and called out in a loud voice in the
language of Judah: "Hear the words of the great king, the king
of Assyria!
14Thus
says the king: 'Do not let Hezeki'ah deceive you, for he will
not be able to deliver you.
15Do
not let Hezeki'ah make you rely on the LORD by saying, "The LORD
will surely deliver us; this city will not be given into the
hand of the king of Assyria."
16Do
not listen to Hezeki'ah; for thus says the king of Assyria: Make
your peace with me and come out to me; then every one of you
will eat of his own vine, and every one of his own fig tree, and
every one of you will drink the water of his own cistern;
17until
I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of
grain and wine, a land of bread and vineyards.
18Beware
lest Hezeki'ah mislead you by saying, "The LORD will deliver
us." Has any of the gods of the nations delivered his land out
of the hand of the king of Assyria?
19Where
are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of
Sepharva'im? Have they delivered Sama'ria out of my hand?
20Who
among all the gods of these countries have delivered their
countries out of my hand, that the LORD should deliver Jerusalem
out of my hand?'"
21But
they were silent and answered him not a word, for the king's
command was, "Do not answer him."
22Then
Eli'akim the son of Hilki'ah, who was over the household, and
Shebna the secretary, and Jo'ah the son of Asaph, the recorder,
came to Hezeki'ah with their clothes rent, and told him the
words of the Rab'shakeh.
Intent of Chapter 36
Messianic Prophecy through Isaiah
to Hezekiah (No. 157D)
“The Assyrians were so confident that they uttered
blasphemy against God at the walls of Jerusalem. God is not
mocked, and He brings all to fruition in accordance with His
Plan and in His own time, according to His Calendar.
The text in 2Kings chapters 18 to 20 has much
repeated in Isaiah chapters 37 to 40. Some of the text is not
repeated in Isaiah, and so the text in 2Kings 19 is used over
Isaiah 38. We see from the text in Isaiah 37 and 2Kings 19 that
the prophecy concerning what is to happen to Judah is broken
into two parts. (See esp. 2Kgs 19:1-19 in this text.)
Hezekiah was obedient enough to place his faith in
God and ask for deliverance, and God answered Him.
The text also continues in 2Kings 19: 20-28.
Here we see God answering Assyria and speaking
concerning the virgin daughter of Zion. This is the Church of
the Messiah that is being spoken about. What virgin daughter of
Zion existed before 28 CE? The virgin was to conceive and bear a
child, as we know from Isaiah, and the child was Messiah. God
then gives the sign for the virgin daughter of Zion. 2Kgs.
19:29-31 continues on regarding the sign given regarding the
surviving remnant of the House of Judah.
Here we are seeing God declare the timing and the
purpose of the sign. In accordance with the Calendar, at the end
of the two years of the Seventh Sabbath and the Jubilee year,
the work was to be undertaken. In the third year of this
sequence, which was the first year after the Jubilee, the
planting was to be undertaken and the fruit eaten. Then the
surviving remnant would again take root downward. Now this was
to be fulfilled in two ways. The restoration of Jerusalem and
the Law were undertaken by Ezra and Nehemiah at the Jubilee
sequence, as we see from the text in
Reading the Law with Ezra and
Nehemiah (No. 250). This was to point to the Restoration under
Messiah and the forming of the Virgin daughter of Zion, which is
the Church of God, and the ultimate despatch of the Church into
all lands; “For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant and
out of Jerusalem a band of survivors”. Thus Christ could only
have commenced his ministry in the first year after the Jubilee.
We know that he declared the acceptable year of the Lord
from the scroll of Isaiah in 27 CE, which was a Jubilee year,
and he commenced his ministry after the imprisonment of John the
Baptist, after Passover of 28 CE (see the paper
Christ’s Age at Baptism and the
Duration of his Ministry (No. 019)).
This sign could not be broken. Hezekiah had nothing
to do with the remnant or the captivity. It was not done in his
reign (see also the paper
The
Seven Great Passovers of the Bible (No. 107)).
The sign referred to Messiah and the establishment
of the remnant after the Jubilee year. Messiah thus had to
commence in the year following the Jubilee of 27 CE. We know
from the NT text itself that he did not commence his ministry
until after the Passover of 28 CE, after John the Baptist had
been imprisoned.
God purposes to send Jerusalem and Judah into
captivity to Babylon and not to Assyria, as Assyria was about to
fall, and the restoration had to take place under the Medes and
Persians. If Judah had gone north of the Araxes, they could not
have returned. There was no remnant during the reign of
Hezekiah, as Jerusalem did not fall in his lifetime and not to
the Assyrians. After the purpose of the prophecy had been
declared by God through Isaiah, the message then turned to what
God was to do with the Assyrians. The text in 2Kgs. 19:32-37
then concerns the king of Assyria the slaying of 185,000
Assyrians attacking Jerusalem, causing them to return home.
The timeframe of verses 36-37 covers 20 odd-years
from the king’s return to his eventual death, as described. It
was prophecy that the Assyrians would not take Jerusalem nor
come near them again – and they did not do so.
The next sequence in 2Kgs. 20:1-3. 12-21 concerns
the remainder of the life of Hezekiah and the actual details of
the captivity of Judah to the Babylonians, and for this we
compare 2Kings 20 with Isaiah 38.
Chapter 37
1When
King Hezeki'ah heard it, he rent his clothes, and covered
himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the LORD.
2And
he sent Eli'akim, who was over the household, and Shebna the
secretary, and the senior priests, clothed with sackcloth, to
the prophet Isaiah the son of Amoz.
3They
said to him, "Thus says Hezeki'ah, 'This day is a day of
distress, of rebuke, and of disgrace; children have come to the
birth, and there is no strength to bring them forth.
4It
may be that the LORD your God heard the words of the Rab'shakeh,
whom his master the king of Assyria has sent to mock the living
God, and will rebuke the words which the LORD your God has
heard; therefore lift up your prayer for the remnant that is
left.'"
5When
the servants of King Hezeki'ah came to Isaiah,
6Isaiah
said to them, "Say to your master, 'Thus says the LORD: Do not
be afraid because of the words that you have heard, with which
the servants of the king of Assyria have reviled me.
7Behold,
I will put a spirit in him, so that he shall hear a rumor, and
return to his own land; and I will make him fall by the sword in
his own land.'"
8The
Rab'shakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria fighting
against Libnah; for he had heard that the king had left Lachish.
9Now
the king heard concerning Tirha'kah king of Ethiopia, "He has
set out to fight against you." And when he heard it, he sent
messengers to Hezeki'ah, saying,
10"Thus
shall you speak to Hezeki'ah king of Judah: 'Do not let your God
on whom you rely deceive you by promising that Jerusalem will
not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.
11Behold,
you have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands,
destroying them utterly. And shall you be delivered?
12Have
the gods of the nations delivered them, the nations which my
fathers destroyed, Gozan, Haran, Rezeph, and the people of Eden
who were in Tel-assar?
13Where
is the king of Hamath, the king of Arpad, the king of the city
of Sepharva'im, the king of Hena, or the king of Ivvah?'"
14Hezeki'ah
received the letter from the hand of the messengers, and read
it; and Hezeki'ah went up to the house of the LORD, and spread
it before the LORD.
15And
Hezeki'ah prayed to the LORD:
16"O
LORD of hosts, God of Israel, who art enthroned above the
cherubim, thou art the God, thou alone, of all the kingdoms of
the earth; thou hast made heaven and earth.
17Incline
thy ear, O LORD, and hear; open thy eyes, O LORD, and see; and
hear all the words of Sennach'erib, which he has sent to mock
the living God.
18Of
a truth, O LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste all the
nations and their lands,
19and
have cast their gods into the fire; for they were no gods, but
the work of men's hands, wood and stone; therefore they were
destroyed.
20So
now, O LORD our God, save us from his hand, that all the
kingdoms of the earth may know that thou alone art the LORD."
21Then
Isaiah the son of Amoz sent to Hezeki'ah, saying, "Thus says the
LORD, the God of Israel: Because you have prayed to me
concerning Sennach'erib king of Assyria,
22this
is the word that the LORD has spoken concerning him: 'She
despises you, she scorns you--the virgin daughter of Zion; she
wags her head behind you--the daughter of Jerusalem.
23'Whom
have you mocked and reviled? Against whom have you raised your
voice and haughtily lifted your eyes? Against the Holy One of
Israel!
24By
your servants you have mocked the Lord, and you have said, With
my many chariots I have gone up the heights of the mountains, to
the far recesses of Lebanon; I felled its tallest cedars, its
choicest cypresses; I came to its remotest height, its densest
forest.
25I
dug wells and drank waters, and I dried up with the sole of my
foot all the streams of Egypt.
26'Have
you not heard that I determined it long ago? I planned from days
of old what now I bring to pass, that you should make fortified
cities crash into heaps of ruins,
27while
their inhabitants, shorn of strength, are dismayed and
confounded, and have become like plants of the field and like
tender grass, like grass on the housetops, blighted before it is
grown.
28'I
know your sitting down and your going out and coming in, and
your raging against me.
29Because
you have raged against me and your arrogance has come to my
ears, I will put my hook in your nose and my bit in your mouth,
and I will turn you back on the way by which you came.'
30"And
this shall be the sign for you: this year eat what grows of
itself, and in the second year what springs of the same; then in
the third year sow and reap, and plant vineyards, and eat their
fruit.
31And
the surviving remnant of the house of Judah shall again take
root downward, and bear fruit upward;
32for
out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and out of Mount Zion
a band of survivors. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will
accomplish this.
33"Therefore
thus says the LORD concerning the king of Assyria: He shall not
come into this city, or shoot an arrow there, or come before it
with a shield, or cast up a siege mound against it.
34By
the way that he came, by the same he shall return, and he shall
not come into this city, says the LORD.
35For
I will defend this city to save it, for my own sake and for the
sake of my servant David."
36And
the angel of the LORD went forth, and slew a hundred and
eighty-five thousand in the camp of the Assyrians; and when men
arose early in the morning, behold, these were all dead bodies.
37Then
Sennach'erib king of Assyria departed, and went home and dwelt
at Nin'eveh.
38And
as he was worshiping in the house of Nisroch his god,
Adram'melech and Share'zer, his sons, slew him with the sword,
and escaped into the land of Ar'arat. And E'sar-had'don his son
reigned in his stead.
Intent of Chapter 37
37:1-35 Hezekiah consults Isaiah
See 2Kgs. Ch. 19.
37:1 Clothes rent, sackcloth, signs of mourning
and despair (15:3; Jl. 2:12);
for recourse to the Temple in national crisis see Neh.
Ch. 9; Jl. 1:13-14.
v. 2 Earlier kings consulted the prophets hence
Hezekiah’s embassy to Isaiah (see 1Kgs 22:8-28; 2Kgs. 1:9-17;
3:11-27).
37:5-7 Isaiah's reply reassures Hezekiah. The
rumour was of internal problems at home in Assyria.
37:8-20
This was Sennacherib's second challenge to Hezekiah
ca 688-687 BCE, perhaps in a later attack on Jerusalem.
v. 8
Libnah
ten miles north of Lachish.
v. 9
Tirhakah
2Kgs. 19:9.
v. 12 Places in Mesopotamia: Gozan on the west
Tributary of the Kabur River, east of Haran; Haran, on
the upper Balikh River (Gen. 11:27-32); Reseph between
Nineveh and northern Khabur; Eden, Bit Adini, on the
Middle Euphrates (Ezek. 27:23); Telassar also on Middle
Euphrates.
v. 14 Letter – scroll
v. 16 Enthroned - Temple imagery also in 1Kgs.
8:6-7; Ezek. 1:4-28.
vv. 17-20 Recalling Sennacherib’s claim in vv. 11-13.
no gods
see Jer. 10:1-16.
v. 21 see vv. 33-35.
37:22-29 Isaiah's challenge to Sennacherib
(10:5-19); 22-29 Isaiah here taunts
Sennacherib by reminding him that he has defied God, who
determines history’s course, and He is to frustrate
Sennacherib’s purpose and plan.
vv. 27-28 Reads with the Dead Sea Scroll of Isaiah
“...housetops which are parched by the east wind; Your rising
and your sitting down I know ...” (see also OARSV n).
v. 27
with 2Kgs. 19:26 Heb. field
37:30-32 A Second Assurance to Hezekiah (see vv.
5-7). The sign will be a return to normal conditions by the
third year (considered to belong between verses 35 and 36 (OARSV
n.).
Remnant see 10:22n.
37:33-35 A
Third Assurance to Hezekiah. (comp. v. 21). Verse 35 recalls
Nathan's words to David (2Sam. 7:12-17).
37:36-38 Devastation of Sennacherib's Army
Here the Angel of the Lord went into the camp
of the Assyrians and slew 185.000 of the Assyrians. Modern
scholars say that it is a euphemism for a plague by reference to
the texts in Ex. 12:29 and 2Sam. 24:15-17.
(see OARSV n.).
The text does say messenger of the Lord.
Chapter
38
1In
those days Hezeki'ah became sick and was at the point of death.
And Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz came to him, and said to
him, "Thus says the LORD: Set your house in order; for you shall
die, you shall not recover."
2Then
Hezeki'ah turned his face to the wall, and prayed to the LORD,
3and
said, "Remember now, O LORD, I beseech thee, how I have walked
before thee in faithfulness and with a whole heart, and have
done what is good in thy sight." And Hezeki'ah wept bitterly.
4Then
the word of the LORD came to Isaiah:
5"Go
and say to Hezeki'ah, Thus says the LORD, the God of David your
father: I have heard your prayer, I have seen your tears;
behold, I will add fifteen years to your life.
6I
will deliver you and this city out of the hand of the king of
Assyria, and defend this city.
7"This
is the sign to you from the LORD, that the LORD will do this
thing that he has promised:
8Behold,
I will make the shadow cast by the declining sun on the dial of
Ahaz turn back ten steps." So the sun turned back on the dial
the ten steps by which it had declined.
9A
writing of Hezeki'ah king of Judah, after he had been sick and
had recovered from his sickness:
10I
said, In the noontide of my days I must depart; I am consigned
to the gates of Sheol for the rest of my years.
11I
said, I shall not see the LORD in the land of the living; I
shall look upon man no more among the inhabitants of the world.
12My
dwelling is plucked up and removed from me like a shepherd's
tent; like a weaver I have rolled up my life; he cuts me off
from the loom; from day to night thou dost bring me to an end;
13I
cry for help until morning; like a lion he breaks all my bones;
from day to night thou dost bring me to an end.
14Like
a swallow or a crane I clamor, I moan like a dove. My eyes are
weary with looking upward. O Lord, I am oppressed; be thou my
security!
15But
what can I say? For he has spoken to me, and he himself has done
it. All my sleep has fled because of the bitterness of my soul.
16O
Lord, by these things men live, and in all these is the life of
my spirit. Oh, restore me to health and make me live!
17Lo,
it was for my welfare that I had great bitterness; but thou hast
held back my life from the pit of destruction, for thou hast
cast all my sins behind thy back.
18For
Sheol cannot thank thee, death cannot praise thee; those who go
down to the pit cannot hope for thy faithfulness.
19The
living, the living, he thanks thee, as I do this day; the father
makes known to the children thy faithfulness.
20The
LORD will save me, and we will sing to stringed instruments all
the days of our life, at the house of the LORD.
21Now
Isaiah had said, "Let them take a cake of figs, and apply it to
the boil, that he may recover."
22Hezeki'ah
also had said, "What is the sign that
I shall go up to the house of the LORD?"
Intent of Chapter 38
vv. 1-4 Hezekiah's Illness and Recovery
[cf. 2Kgs. 20:4-11]
v. 3
The Form of Hezekiah’s Prayer for recovery is
found in the Psalms
(comp. Ps. 6).
v. 8 The dial is lit. stairs or steps. Following the text of one ancient
Hebrew MS found in the DSS it may be translated “... Behold I
shall turn back the shadow of the steps down which the sun has
moved on the steps of the roof chambers of Ahaz your father. I
will cause the sun to move backwards ten steps and the sun moved
back on the steps down which the shadow had descended.” (See
also OARSV n).
38:9-20 This song, traditionally ascribed to Hezekiah, is a
liturgical thanksgiving for use when presenting a thank-offering
in the temple for personal deliverance (Ps. 32; 1Sam. 2:1-10;
Jon. 2:2-9) (see also OARSV n.).
v. 9 Writing
Heb. “miktab”, read “Miktam” as in Pss. 56-60 (F019_2).
v. 16ab
Is based on a corrupted text the Heb. of which is
uncertain. It probably should be emended to read. “O Lord with
thee is the days of my life, thine alone is the Life of my
spirit.” (See also OARSV n.)
v. 17 Here we see God's saving power is demonstrated in recovery from illness
demonstrated as forgiveness of sin (Lk. 5:17-26).
38:21-22
These verses are considered to belong between vv.
6-7 (see OARSV n.).
Bullinger’s Notes on Chs.
34-38 (for KJV)
Chapter 34
Verse 1
people = peoples.
world = the inhabited
world. Hebrew. tebel.
all things, &c. = and
all that is therein.
Verse 2
the
LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4.
utterly destroyed =
devoted to destruction or placed under a Divine ban.
Verse 3
mountains shall be
melted with their blood. Figure of speech Hyperbole. So Isaiah
34:4 and Isaiah
34:5 .
Verse 5
of My curse: i.e. I
have devoted.
Verse 7
unicorns: or,
rhinoceros. Hebrew. re'emin.
soaked = drunken.
Figure of speech Hyperbole.
Verse 8
of = for.
Verse 11
confusion. See
note on Isaiah
24:10 .
confusion . . .
emptiness. Hebrew. tohu
. . . bohu. Reference
to Pentateuch (Genesis
1:2 ),
"without form and void" = waste and desolate. Only there, here,
and Jeremiah
4:23 beside.
App-92 .
Verse 13
come up in =
climb.
Verse 14
screech owl. Hebrew. Lilith. Used
to-day of any being of the night, as the English "bogy" is used.
Charms are used against it to-day in Palestine.
a place, &c. =
a roost.
Verse 16
Seek =
Search.
the book of the LORD. This
proves there was a book in existence, which could be searched.
See App-47 .
fail =
be missing. Hebrew. 'adar. Not
the same word as in Isaiah
19:5 (see
note there). Occurs here in "former" portion, and Isaiah
40:26 in
"latter “portion. See App-79 . Isaiah
35:0 is
the sequel to this long series of Burdens (Isaiah
13:1 Isaiah
35:10 )
and Woes; it sets forth the future return of Israel.
Chapter 35
Verse 1
The wilderness, &c .:
i.e. the land of Edom referred to in Isaiah
34:9-16 . While Edom becomes a waste, the Land
becomes a paradise; and the way of the return thither a peaceful
highway.
shall be glad for
them = shall rejoice over them.
them: i.e. the
noisome creatures of Isaiah
34:14-16 , &c.
and = but; giving the
contrast.
the desert shall
rejoice, and blossom, & c. The description in this chapter
leaves little to be interpreted. It requires only to
be believed. No amount of spiritual blessing through the
preaching of the Gospel can produce these physical miracles.
Verse 3
Strengthen,
&c. Quoted in Hebrews
12:11 , Hebrews
12:12 .
Verse 5
Then the eyes,
&c. When Messiah came, these miracles (not
miracles qua miracles) were the evidence that He had indeed come
to save His People (Matthew
11:1-6 ), but they rejected Him. Hence, this with
other similar prophecies are in abeyance. John had based his own
claims on Isaiah
40:3 , while the Lord based His claims on Isaiah
35:5-6 .
Verse 8
highway. See note on Isaiah
7:3 . Occurs only here.
The way, &c. = the
holy road.
but, &c. : i.e. yet
for those very persons it will exist.
err therein = go
astray.
Verse 9
No lion shall be
there, &c. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus
26:6 ). App-92.
Verse 10
their heads. Put by
Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Part), for themselves.
sighing. See note on Isaiah
21:2 .Isaiah
40:0 takes up this theme, after the historical
episode of Isaiah 36-39, which is necessary for the
understanding of the references to the Assyrian invasion. For
the general notes on this chapter see notes on 2
Kings 18:13 , 2
Kings 20:19 .
Chapter 36
Verse 1
it came to pass. Note
the insertion of these historical events in the midst of
prophecy, corresponding with those concerning the reign of Ahaz.
Compare 2
Kings 18:13 , 2
Kings 20:19 , on which Isaiah is not dependent, and 2
Chronicles 32:1-33 , which is not dependent on either (see
App-56 ). This history is a proof of Isaiah's prophetic mission
and gifts. History and prophecy are thus combined: for the
latter is history foretold, and the former is (in this and many
cases) prophecy fulfilled: the two accounts being perfectly
independent.
in the fourteenth
year: i.e. 628 B.C. See App-50 . pp Isa 59:60 . After Hezekiah's
reformation (2
Chronicles 29:1 -- Isaiah
32:1 ). Samaria had been taken by Shalmaneser in
Hezekiah's sixth year (2
Kings 18:10 ). The date (fourteenth year) no "error".
defenced cities =
fortified cities.
and took them. See
the list and number of them (forty-six) on Sennacherib's
hexagonal cylinder in the British Museum. See App-67 .
Verse 2
Rabshakeh: or,
"political officer". Probably a renegade Jew.
Lachish. Now Tell el
Hesy , or Umm Lakis . See the work on the excavations there,
published by the "Palestine Exploration Fund". Compare note on 2
Kings 18:17 , and 2
Kings 19:8 .
with a great
army. Foretold in Isaiah
29:1-6 , as foretold in Isa 22:15-26 .
he stood. In the same
spot where Isaiah stood with Ahaz twenty-eight years before.
See Isaiah
7:3 .
highway. See note on Isaiah
7:3 .
Verse 3
Eliakim. See and
Compare Isaiah
22:20-25 . The promise of Isaiah
22:20 , Isaiah
22:21 was already fulfilled.
house. Put by Figure
of speech Metonymy (of Subject), for household. Eliakim fulfils
Shebna's office, as foretold in Isa 22:15-26 .
Shebna. See Isaiah
22:15 .
scribe: or,
secretary. Title used of a state officer, first in 2
Samuel 8:17 . Connected with finance (2
Kings 22:3 ). Jeremiah
52:25 .
Verse 4
the great
king. Contrast Psalms
47:2 .
trustest = hast
confided. Hebrew. batah. App-69 . See Hezekiah's "Songs of the
Degrees" (Psalms
121:3 ; Psalms
125:1 , Psalms
125:2 ; Psalms
127:1 ; Psalms
130:5-8 ; and App-67 ).
Verse 5
I say, sayest
thou. Some codices read "Thou sayest", as in 2
Kings 18:20 .
vain words =
lip-talk. Hebrew word of lips.
Verse 6
man. Hebrew. 'ish .
App-14 .
Verse 7
thou. Some codices
read "ye", as in 2
Kings 18:22 .
the
LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4 .
God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4 .
is it not He . . .
? Manifesting Rabshakeh's ignorance.
Verse 8
master. Hebrew. Adonai . App-4 .
Verse 9
Egypt. Hezekiah at
first looked for help there (See Isaiah
20:3-6 ; Isaiah
30:2-5 ; 2
Kings 18:21 ).
Verse 10
am I come up. As
foretold twenty-eight years before (Isaiah
10:6-8 ).
If Rabshakeh knew of
this, it shows the falsehood of "half the truth".
Verse 11
Then said, &c. This
led only to grosser insults.
Jews. The name by
which the People were known of old, to foreigners. See note on Isaiah
36:2 . No proof of a later authorship. "Hebrew" is
the later word for the language (Compare Isaiah
19:18 ).
Verse 12
speak these
words. See App-67 .
sit upon the wall =
maintain their posts: i.e. till reduced to these extremities.
Verse 15
this city. Some
codices, with two early printed editions, Septuagint, and
Syriac, read "and this city": i.e. "this city".
Verse 16
every one = man, as
in Isaiah
36:6 .
Verse 17
take you away. As he
did Israel (2
Kings 18:11 ).
wine = new wine.
Hebrew. tirosh . App-27 .
bread. Put by Figure
of speech Synecdoche (of Part), for all kinds of food.
Hath, &c. ? =
[Reflect]: Hath, &c?
Verse 19
Where: or, Why,
where. Some codices, with two early printed editions, read
"Where then".
Chapter 37
Verse 1
went into the house
of the Lord. See Hezekiah's reference to his love for, and use
of, the Temple in his "Songs of the Degrees" (Psalms
122:1 , Psalms
122:9 ; Psalms
134:1 , Psalms
134:2 ; and App-67 ).
Verse 2
elders of the
priests. These now added to the embassy. Joah absent.
Verse 3
blasphemy = reproach.
Note the reference to this in Hezekiah's "Song of Degrees".
Verse 4
Rabshakeh = the
Rabshakeh. See note on Isaiah
36:2 .
lift up thy
prayer. Note the reference to Hezekiah's "Song of the Degrees".
Verse 6
Isaiah said. The
message in verses: Isaiah
37:6 , Isaiah
37:7 is shorter and calmer than the second.
Verse 8
was departed from
Lachish: having raised the siege. See note on 2
Kings 18:17 ; 2
Kings 19:8 .
Verse 9
he heard. The
"rumour" of Isaiah
37:7 .
Tirhakah. The Taracus
of the inscriptions. The third and last of Manetho's
twenty-sixth dynasty. This reference to the Ethiopian dynasty in
Isaiah's time is an "undesigned coincidence".
Ethiopia. Judah's
hope in Ethiopia was vain (See Isaiah
20:1-6 ).
Verse 10
trustest = confidest.
Hebrew. batah.
Verse 11
all lands = all the
earths: i.e. all such countries specially connected with Israel.
Verse 12
Gozan, &c. These
places are all in Mesopotamia. and Bezeph. The Hebrew pointing
connects this with the next clause.
children = sons.
Verse 13
Hamath . . . Arphad .
. . Sepharvaim. See notes on Isaiah
36:19 .
Verse 14
spread it, &c. See
note on "lift up", &c. (Isaiah
37:4 ).
Verse 16
LORD of Hosts. See
note on Isaiah
1:9 , and 1
Samuel 1:3 .
God of Israel. See
note on Isaiah
29:23 .
dwellest: or, sittest
enthroned.
the. Hebrew He, the
[God]. Compare 1
Kings 18:39 .
God. Hebrew. Elohim. (with Art.) = the [true] God.
made heaven and
earth. Note the reference to this in Hezekiah's "Songs of the
Degrees" (Psalms
121:1 , Psalms
121:2 ; Psalms
123:1 ; Psalms
124:8 ; Psalms
134:3 ; and App-67 (v)).
Verse 17
ear . . .
eyes. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia.
Verse 18
nations, and their
countries. Hebrew. ha-arazoth . . . 'arzam : as in Isaiah
37:11 . The latter word put by Figure of
speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), for the people inhabiting the
lands. Note also the Figure of speech Paronomasia . Some codices
read "nations, and their land".
Verse 19
men's. Hebrew. 'adam. App-14 .
Verse 20
save us. Some codices
add "I (or, we) pray Thee", Compare 2
Kings 19:19 .
Verse 21
thou hast prayed. See
note on "lift up" (Isaiah
37:4 ).
Verse 22
shaken =
wagged. Denoting derision and scorn.
Verse 23
the Holy One of
Israel. See note on Isaiah
1:4 .
Verse 24
LORD*. One of the 134
places where the Sopherim changed "Jehovah" of the primitive
text to "Adonai".
am I come up = have I
scaled. Compare Isaiah
36:10 . These boasts probably refer to the future
as well as the past.
Lebanon, &c. Compare 2
Kings 19:23 . Fulfilling Isaiah
14:8 (see note there). As Hannibal later scaled
the Alps.
Verse 25
rivers = arms, or
canals. Compare Isaiah
19:6 , and Micah
7:12 .
besieged
places. Hebrew. matzor. Put for Egypt.
Verse 26
formed = purposed.
Compare Isaiah
10:5 , Isaiah
10:15 ; Isaiah
30:32 .
Verse 27
as the grass. Note
Hezekiah's reference to this in his "Songs of the Degrees" (Psalms
129:6-7 ). App-67 .
Verse 28
abode = sitting down.
going out, and thy
coming in. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Part), for
life in general
Verse 29
tumult = arrogance.
My hook, &c. Assyrian
sculptures represent captives thus led. Jehovah would treat them
as they treated others.
turn thee back. See
Hezekiah's reference to this (Psalms
129:4 , Psalms
129:6 ). App-67 .
Verse 30
sign. See note on Isaiah
7:11 .
Ye shall eat, &c. No
seed would be sown on account of the (foretold) devastation
wrought by the invasion. Hezekiah refers to this "sign" in his
"Songs of the Degrees" (Psalms
126:5 , Psalms
126:6 ; Psalms
128:2 ).
groweth of
itself. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus
25:5 , Leviticus
25:11 ). Only here, 2
Kings 19:29 , and Job
14:19 .
springeth of the
same = shooteth up of itself, or from the roots.
Hebrew. shahith, occurs only here.
sow ye. See note
above.
Verse 31
shall. Hezekiah
refers to Jehovah's repeated promises on which he relies
(compare 2
Kings 19:30-34 ). See Psalms
121:2-8 ; Psalms
124:1-3 , Psalms
124:6 ; Psalms
125:2 ; Psalms
126:2 , Psalms
126:3 ; Psalms
127:1 .
Verse 32
zeal = jealousy.
Reference to Pentateuch. Compare Isaiah
9:7 . See App-92 .
Verse 35
defend = shield. See
note on Isaiah
31:5 .
My servant. Three are
so called in this book: David (here); Israel or Jacob (the
nation) (Isaiah
41:8 ; Isaiah
42:19 ; Isaiah
43:10 ; Isaiah
44:1 ; Isaiah
45:4 ; Isaiah
48:20 ; Isaiah
49:3 and whole chapter); and Messiah (Isaiah
42:1 ; Isaiah
65:8 ).
David's sake. Note
how Hezekiah refers to these words in his "Songs of the Degrees"
(Psalms
132:1 , Psalms
132:10 ).
Verse 36
Then, &c. Compare 2
Kings 19:35-37 .
they: i.e. the
Israelites.
Verse 37
and. Note the Figure
of speech Polysyndeton in this verse, to emphasize his departure
and return, which leads up to what he returned for; also, that
he did this without taking the city, Nebuchadnezzar makes no
reference to this in his inscription.
Verse 38
his sons . . .
Esar-haddon. See note on 2
Kings 19:37 .
Chapter 38
Verse 1
In those days: i.e.
Hezekiah's fourteenth year: for fifteen years (603-588 B.C.) are
added to his life (Isaiah
38:5 ), and he reigned twenty-nine years (2
Kings 18:2 ); 14 + 15 = 29.
sick. This sickness
was therefore during the siege.
the
LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4 .
Set thine house in
order = Give charge concerning thy house.
die, and not live =
thou wilt certainly die. Figure of speech Pleonasm : by which a
thing is put both ways (positive and negative) for emphasis.
Verse 2
prayed. As in Isaiah
37:4 ("lift up") and verses: Isaiah
38:14 , Isaiah
38:15 . Contrast Isaiah
39:2 , where, when the king of Babylon sent
letters and he neglected prayer.
Verse 3
in truth. See note
on Isaiah
10:20 .
wept sore = wept a
great weeping. Figure of speech Polyptoton ( App-6 ), for
emphasis. Compare 2
Kings 20:3 .
Verse 4
came. The only
occurrence of this in the case of Isaiah. Compare Genesis
15:1 .
Verse 5
the God of
David. This Divine title reminds and assures Hezekiah that
Jehovah would be faithful to His promise made to David in 2
Samuel 7:0 . See App-67 and note on 2
Kings 20:5 .
fifteen years. Hence
the number of the "Song of the Degrees". See App-67 .
Verse 6
I will deliver thee
and this city. The city was thus still besieged.
I will. Hezekiah
trusted this promise.
defend = shield. See
note on Isaiah
31:5 .
Verse 7
a sign = the sign.
Hezekiah had asked for this sign (see Isaiah
38:22 ). This shows that Isaiah
38:22 is not "displaced" as alleged. compare note
on Isaiah
7:11 .
Verse 8
the shadow of the
degrees. It is to these "degrees", or steps of the sundial of
Ahaz his father, that Hezekiah refers in the title for "The
Songs of the Degrees". See App-67 .
degrees = steps. Note
the emphasis placed on these by the fivefold repetition of the
word.
dial = degrees
(making the fifth repetition of the word).
Verse 9
The writing,
&c. Hebrew. michtab. Another spelling of michtam. See App-65 .
This verse is the superscription common to most Psalms,
corresponding with the subscription (Isaiah
38:20 ). See App-65 .
Verse 10
thegrave .
Hebrew. Sheol. App-35 .
Verse 11
see THE LORD = appear
before Jah. Reference to Pentateuch. See note on Isaiah
1:12 ; and on "appear" (Exodus
23:15 ; Exodus
34:20 ).
in the land of the
living. This expression occurs three times with the Art. ("the
living") in the Hebrew (viz. here; Job
28:13 ; and Psalms
142:5 ). Without the Art. it occurs eight times.
See note on Ezekiel
26:20 .
the living: i.e.
alive on the earth. Not Sheol, which is the place of the dead.
the
world. Hebrew. hadel = a quiet land: i.e. when this invasion
shall be ended. Some codices read heled (transposing
the l and d) = the transitory world: hadel occurs only here.
Verse 12
age. Hebrew. dor =
generation, or succession.
like a weaver. Supply
Ellipsis thus: "like a weaver [his thread]. "See note on "weave"
(Isaiah
19:9 ).
Verse 13
I reckoned = I waited
expectantly.
as a lion = as a lion
[awaits his prey].
so will He break. See
note on Psalms
22:16 .
Verse 14
Like a crane or a
swallow: or, like a twittering swallow.
mourn. See note on Psalms
55:17 . Compare Ezekiel
7:16 .
undertake = be a
surety. Compare Job
17:3 ("put me in surety").
Verse 15
softly = slowly.
Hebrew. dadah. Only here and in Psalms
42:4 ("went").
soul. Hebrew. nephesh . App-13 .
Verse 16
by these, &c. = upon
these [Thy doings (Isaiah
38:15 ) men] revive (Psalms
104:29 , Psalms
104:30 ), and the reviving of my spirit [is]
altogether in them.
spirit. Hebrew. ruach .
Verse 17
pit of corruption. =
pit or corruption.
behind Thy back. Sins
unforgiven are said to be "before His face" (Psalms
109:14 , Psalms
109:15 .Jeremiah
16:17 . Hosea
7:2 ). Compare Micah
7:19 . Hence the "happinesses" of Psalms
32:1 , Psa 32:16 .
Verse 18
the grave. Hebrew. Sheol .
App-35 . Put here by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject), for
those who are in it.
not. Note the
Ellipsis of the second negative. See note on Genesis
2:6 , and 1
Kings 2:9 . Compare for the teaching Psalms
6:5 ; Psalms
30:9 ; Psalms
88:10 , Psalms
88:12 .Ecclesiastes
9:10 .
celebrate. See note
on "shall not give their light" (Isaiah
13:10 ).
they. Some codices
read "and they".
Verse 19
The living, the
living. Figure of speech Epizeuxis , for emphasis, implying that
only such are able to praise.
the father to the
children. Note the reference to the Pentateuch (Deuteronomy
4:9 ; Deuteronomy
6:7 ).
children = sons.
Verse 20
was ready. Supply
"was gracious".
therefore, &c. Note
the subscription above.
we will sing my
songs: i.e. the "Songs of the Degrees" ( App-67 ). Where are "my
songs", and what were they if not the fifteen songs named after
the ten degrees by which the shadow of the sun went back on the
sundial of Ahaz (verses: Isaiah
38:7 , Isaiah
38:8 )?
the house of the
LORD. Note Hezekiah's love for this in these songs (Psalms
122:1 Psalms
122:9 ; Psalms
134:1 , Psalms
134:2 ). See App-67 .
Verse 22
What is the sign . .
. ? See on Isaiah
7:8 .
q